Formative and Summative Assessment Essay

Assessment is a term that includes all of the various methods used to determine the extent of an individual’s achievement. In teaching and learning situation, assessment refers to the methods used to determine achievement of learning outcomes. Similarly in professional contexts, assessment is concerned with the achievement of professional standards or competence.(Aranda & Yates,2009). Assessment also provides a number of major benefits including: †¢ Grading: assessment may be used to define achievement and to measure the students’ preparedness for professional challenges. †¢ Motivation: assessment may focus on real learning by creating an opportunity that carries with it the rewards of completion or grades. †¢ learning process: assessment activities can guide individuals to learn and relearn subject content efficiently. †¢ Feedback: assessment provides opportunities for individuals to monitor the quality of their performance and identify areas for improvement. PURPOSE OF ASSESSMENT It is easy to become so immersed in the job of teaching that we lose sight the exact purpose of a assessment. There is then the possibility that we are overlooking another form of assessment which might be more appropriate. We actually assess students for quite a range of different reasons – motivation, creating learning opportunities, to give feedback (to both students and staff), to grade, and as a quality assurance mechanism (both for internal and external systems). Because all too often we do not disentangle these functions of assessment, without having really thought it through assessments are frequently trying to do all these things, to varying degrees.(Oxford Brookes University,2011). In fact it is arguable that while it is desirable for assessments meeting the first three of these functions to be conducted as often as possible, the final two do not need to be done anywhere near so frequently; it is simply important that they are done somewhere. The implications of this are that while an essay question, where all the answers are double marked and the marks count towards the students’ final grades, may fulfil all these functions, for all assessments to be this rigorous would be prohibitively expensive in staff time, while a peer-assessed seminar presentation, which does not count towards the students’ final grades but is simply a course requirement, could fulfil the first three functions and may not even require a tutor to be present. FORMATIVE ASSESSMENT Formative assessment is typically contrasted with summative assessment. The former supports teachers and students in decision-making during educational and learning processes, while the latter occurs at the end of a learning unit and determines if the content being taught was retained.(Wikipedia,2013). Formative assessment is not distinguished by the format of assessment, but by how the information is used. The same test may act as either formative or summative. However, some methods of assessment are better suited to one or the other purpose. CHARACTERISTICS OF FORMATIVE ASSESSMENT During formative assessment, learning is the shared goal of both teacher and student and alterations to the teaching and learning process take place as needed to further the goal. This allows both the teacher and the student the opportunity for assessment and improvement as an ongoing process instead of an end product. Formative assessments are assessments for learning, rather than assessments of learning, according to the Association for Supervision and Curriculum Development. Focused Formative assessments are focused on the learning process as well as the learning progress. While other assessments may only focus on the end result, formative assessments check the students progress consistently so that adjustments can be made to reach learning goals. Ongoing A formative assessment is consistent and ongoing throughout the learning process. It differs from assessments that focus on the end result. Ongoing assessments give both teachers and students the chance to make adjustments to teaching and learning strategies so learning ultimately takes place. Immediate While other forms of assessment focus on the end result, formative assessments provide immediate feedback to both teachers and students due to ongoing assessment practices. The immediate feedback teachers and students experience can be used to motivate and further learning. LIMITATIONS OF FORMATIVE ASSESSMENTS Although offering many benefits, effective formative assessment can be difficult to achieve at scale. It may be logistically impossible to provide detailed descriptive feedback for each student in a large class. Even with a smaller number of students to deal with, formative assessment is time-consuming as it requires significant, ongoing dedication and effort from the teacher to sustain. This is especially true when combined with the summative assessments teachers are required to complete. The layered accountability chain in education — student to teacher, teacher to school, school to district, etc. — creates systemic pressure for student performance to be objectively and comparatively measurable at each level. Formative assessment, by definition, doesn’t easily provide that kind of accountability. This explains why, although the advantages of formative assessment have been repeatedly articulated since the distinction between it and summative assessment was first made in 1967, empirical studies continue to show that very few teachers consistently make use of it in actual practice. SUMMATIVE ASSESSMENT Summative assessment measures attainment and allows for the recording of the learning progress. It usually takes the form of tests and examinations, though it is becoming increasingly common for summative assessment to include other tasks such as a project completed during the school year. This move away from assessments based on a single examination gives learners the opportunity to perform to the best of their ability. Not all learners perform well under examination pressure. Furthermore,examinations do not always lend themselves to eliciting the range of language structures and uses that have been the objective of teaching CHARACTERISTICS OF SUMMATIVE ASSESSMENT The results of summative assessment allow us to determine the degree to which learners have attained specific learning objectives. Such a decision may have an important consequence on learners’ future prospects. It is therefore crucial that not only is the assessment valid, but that the results obtained are reliable. Validity relates to whether the assessment tasks assess what they intend to assess. Reliability, on the other hand, refers to the results obtained and whether these would be the same if the same learners took the assessment on another occasion provided that no further learning had taken place and regardless of who marked the assessment if more than one person was involved in the process. (Summative assessment,2005). Whether summative assessment is norm-or criterion-referenced will be determined by the purpose of the assessment. If we need to select the best candidates to, for example, continue with their education, then norm-referencing would be appropriate. However, if we are interested in whether candidates have mastered certain skills, then we would not get the required information through norm-referencing.(Meason) For example, when assessing airline pilots we are interested in whether they can fly a plane safely to a very high level of proficiency. Knowing which trainees were the best would not suffice since it is possible that no trainee of a given group would have reached the required standard to safely fly a plane LIMITATIONS OF SUMMATIVE ASSESSMENT Students can face anxiety in preparation for a test, an anxiety that grows as the perception of the test’s significance grows. Summative tests advise schools to commit to prolonged pretesting procedures and preparation classes, which can increase student anxiety.(Spiral). In addition, some students simply do not test well, and the result is a testing procedure that fails to adequately assess the real talents of individual students, while a formative assessment would allow a teacher to evaluate these conditions and better assess a student’s ability Summative assessments fan have an overall negative impact on student self-esteem, resulting from the perception of inferiority that standardized tests can give test-takers. Students who perform poorly on standardized tests were found to suffer from lower self-esteem in situations where these same students had not previously exhibited signs of self-esteem problems.(Boggiano,1992). Even students who perform average or well on standardized tests can suffer from the failure to meet their own higher expectations. The result can be a reduction in educational motivation.(Hammond). EXAMPLES OF FORMATIVE AND SUMMATIVE ASSESSMENT FROM TEACHING AND LEARNING PERSPECTIVE CONCLUSION In my view,both types of assessments are better,that is a balanced assessment.A balanced assessment system in one in which a variety of assessments are used for a variety of purposes and communications about results facilitates student involvement and ownership of learning.Formative assessment can be vital importance in helping the teacher and students determine the quality of learning that is taking place and can allow them to forecast the results of summative tests some time in advance of the summative testing.Such results can be used as the basis for altering the teaching learning situation early enough to change the immediate as well as alter the forecast. Learning is a process which can be observed and evaluated as it is taking place.Formative evaluation can be used to make the process more effective long before the summative evaluation.Recognition of the interaction among formative evaluation teaching and learning and summative evaluation can do much to improve teaching and lea rning before it is too late. REFERENCES Aranda S,Yates P.An Overview of assessment.Canberra: (EdCaN),Australia;(2009).Retrieved from: www.edcan.org/pdf/edCanOverview.pdf Boggiano A,Pittman T. Achievement and Motivation: A Social-Developmental Perspective.(Eds).(1992).Cambridge Press.New York. Hammond,K.eHow.Education.Summative assessment weaknesses.Retrieved from: http://www.ehow.com/info_8568251_summative-assessment-weaknesses.html Meason C.eHow.Education.Characteristics of Formative assessment.Retrieved from http://www.ehow.com/list_6732311_characteristics-formative-assessment.html Oxford Brookes University.(2011).Purpose of Assessment.Retrieved from: www.brookes.ac.uk/services/ocsld/resources/assessment/purposes.htm Spira M.eHow.Education.Disadvantages of Formative Assessment.Retrieved from http://www.ehow.com/info_8502289_advantages-disadvantages-formative-assessment.html Stiggins,R.,Arter,J.,Chappuis,S.(2008).Classroom assessment for student learning.Educational Testing Service.Retrieved from: http://www.bcsd.org/district.cfm?subpage=55380 ‎Summative assessment.(2005).Retrieved from http://cd1.edb.hkedcity.net/cd/eng/tba_eng_sec/web/3_1w.htm Spira M.eHow.Education.Disadvantages of Formative Assessment.Retrieved from http://www.ehow.com/info_8502289_advantages-disadvantages-formative-assessmen

Native American and African before the Europeans

According to Kennewick Man in his article that â€Å"for NAGPRA and other related legal purposes, the federal government defines native Americans as any tribe, people, or culture that resided in the territory of the United States before historic European contact and exploration. At present, there are more than 2,000,000 Native Americans in the United States, represented by 769 federally recognized tribes† (See K. Man, â€Å"Who are Native Americans?† Past concepts of Native Americans). In Wikepedia, the free encyclopedia stated that â€Å"the term indigenous people of the America encompasses the inhabitants of the Americas before the arrival of the first European explorers in the late 15th century, as well as many present-day ethnic groups who identify themselves with those historical people (See â€Å"Indigenous Peoples of the Americas†. From wikipedia, the free encyclopedia).On the other hand, the National Museums Liverpool published in its website that  "the people of West Africa had a rich and varied history and culture long before the Europeans slavers arrived. They had a wide variety of political arrangements which include kingdoms, city and other organizations, each with their own languages and culture† (See â€Å"Africa before European slavery†. National Museums Liverpool).Native AmericansEven though cultural features included language, garb, and customs vary enormously from one tribe to another, there are certain elements which are shared by many of the indigenous people of the America (See â€Å"Indigenous Peoples of the Americas†. From wikipedia, the free encyclopedia).Native America music of North America Indians is almost entirely monophonic but there not notable exceptions. Traditional Native American music often includes drumming but little other instrumentation, although flutes are played by individuals. While the art of the indigenous people of Central Mexico and Central Americas comprises a major category in the world art collection. Their contributions are pottery, paintings, jewelry, weavings, sculptures, basketry, and carvings (See â€Å"Indigenous Peoples of the Americas†. From wikipedia, the free encyclopedia).*European Colonization*In wikipedia, its researched stated that â€Å"the European colonization of the Americas forever changed the lives and cultures of the indigenous peoples of the continent. In 15th century up to 19th century, their populations were ravaged by the privations of displacement, by disease and in many cases by warfare with European groups and enslavement by them. The first indigenous group that was met by Columbus was about 250,000 in number which were the Arawaks of Hispaniola and this group was enslaved by them. These European people also brought illnesses against which the indigenous people of America had no immunity† (See â€Å"Indigenous Peoples of the Americas†.From wikipedia, the free encyclopedia).   According to Dav id Ruvolo that â€Å"the history of America religion is dominated by the presence of Christianity brought to the New World by European settlers. Time had run out for the indigenous race that populated the continent of North America. Native Americans were faced with an enemy that was more advanced like with the Israelites of the sixth century B.C.E.† (See D. Ruvolo, â€Å"A Summary of Native American Religious†).*Africa before the European slavery*According to Olaudah Equiano on his autobiography which he wrote in 1789 stated that â€Å"the part of Africa which was known by the name Guinea to which the trade is carried on extends along the coast above 3,400 miles from Senegal to Angola and includes a variety of kingdoms. This kingdom is divided into many provinces or distinct. In one of the most remote and fertile of which is called Eboe. Equiano was born in 1745, in charming fruitful vale named essaka. The distance of the province from capital of Benin and the sea coa st must be very considerable, for Eboe Equiano had never heard about the white men or Europeans† (See O. Equiano. â€Å"Early Life†. Merseyside maritime museum).*Agriculture*As Equiano stated that their â€Å"land was uncommonly rich and fruitful, and produces all kinds of vegetables in abundance. All industries were exerted to improve those blessings of nature. Agriculture was their chief employment, and everyone even the children and women were engaged in it† (See O. Equiano. â€Å"Early Life†. Merseyside maritime museum).*Clothing*He continued, Equiano, which â€Å"their manners were simple and their luxuries were few. The dress of both sexes was nearly the same. It generally consists of a long piece of calico or Muslin, wrapped loosely around the body, somewhat in the form of a highland plaid. This was usually dyed blue, which their favorite color. It was extracted from a berry and was brighter and richer than any he had seen in Europe. Their women, o f distinction wore golden ornaments which disposed with profusion on their arms and legs. When their women were not employed with the men in tillage, their usual occupation was spinning and weaving cotton, which they afterwards dye and made into garments. They also manufacture earthen vessels of which they had many kinds† (See O. Equiano. â€Å"Early Life†. Merseyside maritime museum).*Dance and Music*Moreover, Equiano added that â€Å"they were almost a nation of dancers, musicians and poet. In every great event such as a triumphant return from battle or other cause of public rejoicing,   was celebrated in public dances which were accompanied with songs and music which was suited to the occasion† (See O. Equiano. â€Å"Early Life†. Merseyside maritime museum).*After the Europeans*West Africans had traded with Europeans through merchants in North Africa for centuries. In the 15th century, the Portuguese were the first traders who sailed down the West Afr ican coast. After that, the Dutch, British, French and Scandinavians followed. They were mainly interested in precious items such as ivory, gold, and spices, in particular the pepper (See â€Å"Africa before European slavery†. National Museums Liverpool).ReferencesMan, K., â€Å"Who are Native Americans?† Past concepts of Native Americans.Http://www.washington.edu/burkemuseum/kman/who_are_native_americans.htm  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   2.   â€Å"Indigenous Peoples of the Americas†. From wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indigenous_peoples_of_the_AmericasRuvolo, D. â€Å"A Summary of Native American Religious†. Http://are.as.wvu.edu/ruvolo.htm  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   4.   Ã¢â‚¬Å"Indigenous Peoples of the Americas†. From wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã ‚   Http://www.liverpoolmuseums.org.uk/maritime/slavery/abefore.asp  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   5.   Equiano, O. â€Å"Early Life†. Merseyside maritime museum.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Http://www.liverpoolmuseums.org.uk/maritime/slavery/olaudah.asp#earlylife

Marxism

  The United States prides itself on being the epitome of a successful free market society, with its democratic ideals working in perfect conjunction with its capitalist economy.   Additionally, it also bases much of its existence on the freedom of religion, though government leaders still take many measures to ensure that their particular religious beliefs take precedence over secularism.   However, like few other countries on the planet, the U.S. could succeed as a communist nation if it were to adopt a few of Karl Marx’s simple precepts and abandon some of its current practices.With its increasingly secular population and views, as well as its democratic ideals that lend themselves well to the collectivization encouraged by communism, the United States could completely remove God from consideration in the country’s legislation and create a strong social welfare system that protects workers and the poor far better than current standards allow.While religion is f irmly protected in the Constitution, the freedom from religion is just as important, though often ignored.   Politicians often rely on their religious beliefs and voting populace to propose religiously-oriented legislation, most of the time despite the widespread secular ideals of most Americans.   A current example of this is stem cell research, which is firmly opposed by President Bush and many religious factions and politicians who foist their views of morality on the rest of the country that believes stem cell research is in the best interests of human progress.While morality has its place in society, reason can lead to just laws that most can agree upon, and religious sentiment should not be involved in legislation or its opposition whatsoever.   For Marx, religion is a type of illusion, used to control the populace, as well as to retain the power structure of those at the highest levels of society.   In America, this can be seen in the powerful sway that religious fact ions have on politicians, even in spite of an increasing secularization.Marx was a fervent supporter of social criticism, and he believed that the criticism of religion was foundation of all social criticism.   In his view, he found it to be a type of illusion.   Marx believed that man makes religion, not vice-versa, and in creating God in his own image, man had â€Å"alienated himself from himself† (Marx, 1978/1848, p. 53).   This means that man has created a greater being in contrast to himself, reducing himself to a despicable creature that needs both the dogma of the church and the laws of government to guide and control him.Marx described religion as the, â€Å"sigh of the oppressed creature, the sentiment of a heartless world, the soul of soulless conditions,† adding that religion was â€Å"the opium of the people† (1978/1848, p. 54).   In the United States, religion is afforded all kinds of special protections, including tax breaks that surely cos t the country billions of dollars a year.   Religious institutions receive donations from their constituents and are not required to pay anything to the federal government.In a Marxist America, provided that religion is still protected by law, the first step would be to tax religious organizations as any other company.   Perhaps once religions are taxed the same as any other organization that makes money and owns property, the next natural step will be that they no longer have the power sustain themselves and people will be free to pursue a life free of religion, and therefore free of illusion.To Marx, religion prohibits man from realizing himself as the center of his existence, an in place, creates an environment in which religious belief dictates his action.   Men can never be free, as long as they accept their existence as subservient beings, indebted to an omnipotent Supreme Being or organization dedicated to perpetuating belief in such a thing.   Marx believed that if r eligion were abolished human beings would overcome their self-inflicted alienation.   The abandonment of this illusion, in Marx’s view, could be one of many crucial steps mankind towards advancement.After religious sentiment and the power the religious factions hold over the populace has been displaced, America will be more receptive to other aspects of Marx’s communist philosophy.   While it may be a difficult task to ask those with great wealth and influence to sacrifice either, including corporations that virtually run the country, but it is necessary to create the kind of equality promised by democracy, and guaranteed by communism and withheld by the inequality of capitalism.   Marx claimed that in a capitalist society the struggle between the working class, or proletariat, and the ruling business class, or bourgeoisie, would eventually end in the formation of a new society, a classless society: â€Å"Society can no longer live under this bourgoeisie, in oth er words, its existence is no longer compatible with society† (1978/1848, p. 483).Corporations and individuals with immense wealth would be required to sacrifice a significant portion of their wealth to contribute to the overall health of the proletariat.   Even if someone like Bill Gates was required to hand over ninety percent of his wealth, he would still have hundreds of millions of dollars left.   When one considers that a salary of fifty thousand dollars a year is considered not only adequate to live in the United States, but decent, it signifies that the disparity in wealth created by unchecked capitalism.   The situation created by the immense disparity of wealth also contributes to what Marx sees as an increased alienation between the people of the nation, and in the U.S., this situation has become apparent in recent years as the rich get richer and the poor get poorer.This contributes to the classes become hostile towards each other in Marx’s estimation: â€Å"Freeman and slave, patrician and plebian, lord and serf, guild-master and journeyman, in a word, oppressor and oppressed, stood in constant opposition to one another, carried on an uninterrupted, now hidden, now open fight, a fight that each time ended, either in a revolutionary reconstitution of society at large, or in the common ruin of the contending classes† (1978/1848, p. 483).   Though class struggle in America has largely been relegated to race struggle, which is almost the same considering that most racial riots center around impoverished people looting, the potential exists for further complications if the wealthy in America are not willing to compromise and share the wealth.   Alienation even exists in America between men and women, where women are notorious for making significantly less money than men.   In a communist society, women would no longer be relegated to quasi-second class status.A communist America would not only provide more opportunities for workers, but would also help relations between different races and genders.   Amongst the many little-known facts about the philosophies of Karl Marx, was his support for women’s liberation in a time when they did not share the privileges of men.   He believed that this would encourage greater equality within societies, therefore making life better for the society as a whole.   More than a century ago, many years before women were allowed to vote in the United States, Marx wrote of his views towards women’s rights.In the modern bourgeoisie society, Marx explained in so many words, that women in a capitalist system were nothing more to men than another instrument of production.   Men, who controlled the world as wells as it’s productive forces, also controlled women.   Because the instruments of production are to be exploited, women are exploited.   With the abolition of the bourgeoisie society, women would be free from every form of prostitution, public or private.   For the Communists, there was, â€Å"no need to introduce community of women; it has always existed almost from time immemorial† (1978/1848, p. 488).But traditional capitalistic values make this fact all but impossible to notice, and in the United States, the quiet discrimination against women, largely inspired by the centuries of dogmatic religious misogyny, would be eliminated, and along with it, the alienation felt between people.   Otherwise, further alienation between people will take place.Marx applied this idea of alienation to private property, which he said causes humans to work only for themselves, not for the good of their species.   Because capitalism has its roots in private ownership, he felt that it created an environment, ripe for greed and avarice to develop: â€Å"The bourgeoisie keeps more and more doing away with the scattered state of the population, of the means of production, and of property† (1978/1848, p. 483).   Ã ‚  The control imposed upon the proletariat by the bourgeoisie in the United States reflects many of Marx’s fears, as people fall under the sway of Walmart, utility monopolies, and media confusion.   This state prevents man from focusing on cooperating, and maximizing their potential, whereas a Marxist society would be one that would provide for all.A communist United States is a highly unlike, but possible if certain segments of the population are willing to listen to reason and make certain sacrifices.   Religion is a key in building the foundation for a communist society, as the religious organizations that enjoy tax protection must be treated equal to other companies.   Corporations and individuals must be willing to make sacrifices concerning individual income and pay a significant amount of taxes to help those less fortunate.After all, it makes little sense to keep one’s neighbors hungry.   And, though communism has been considered revolutionary for over a hundred years, a communist revolution in America can begin only with the conscientious objections of the working class.   Anyone with ample reason would be able to see the benefits of helping their fellow man, and the benefits of pooling the nation’s collective talents towards a common goal.   In the end, it relies on those that are currently oppressed to make their voice be heard and heed the clarion call of Karl Marx: â€Å"WORKING MEN OF ALL COUNTRIES, UNITE!† (1978/1848, p. 500).Works Cited:Marx, K. (1978/1848). Communist Manifesto. The Marx-Engels Reader. Trans. Tucker, R.C., Second Edition. New York: W. W. Norton.

Gender issues in asian traditions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Gender issues in asian traditions - Essay Example The Confucians viewed the cosmic order as â€Å"life-giving, relational, and harmonious in the interaction of its parts† and this gratitude for life was visible in their worship of the ancestors (Kelleher 137). Even though Confucianism considered family life and marriage as sacred, relationships, for the Confucians, were hierarchical in nature. As Kelleher points out parents, rulers, husbands and older siblings enjoyed higher social positions whereas the positions of children, subjects, wives and younger siblings were inferior(Kelleher 138). Wives needed to remain submissive to their husbands. The role of women was identified with the earth: Confucianism held that â€Å"the position of women in the human order should be lowly and inferior like the earth, and that the proper behaviour for a woman was to be yielding and weak, passive and still like the earth† (Kelleher 140). In the same way, one can also find similar passive and submissive roles attributed to women in Hin duism. As Young suggests, the role of women and their rituals during this period was limited to maintaining ‘social and cosmic order’. Even though the Vedic women’s role was esteemed as wife and mother, she had to remain as a silent partner in the Vedic rituals. The husband’s role was much prominent as he was the patriarchal head of the family. In Confucianism and Hinduism women were subject to certain codes of conduct. The role of women in Confucianism was very often limited to the family whereas the role played by men was viewed in the wider social-political order. Women were subject to three types of obedience in the family structure: â€Å"as a daughter she was subject to her father; as a wife, to her husband; and when older, to her son† (Kelleher 140). Another crippling factor that restricted woman’s active role was her lack of education. While boys had formal education in history and the classics, girls had to remain at

Macroeconomics Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Macroeconomics - Term Paper Example It is therefore that investment that is made to obtain the lasting interest in a business that operates in an economy as opposed to that of the investor’s voice of having direct influence in the management. According to the United Nations World Investment report, Foreign Direct Investment is defined as an investment that involves relationship and a reflection of control of the foreign direct investor in an enterprise in a foreign affiliate. Long term differentiates FDI’s from the portfolio investments which are on a short term basis with insecurities turnover. It is no doubt that foreign direct investment acts as a catalyst for the economic transformation in a myriad of economies across the globe. One of the major benefits of foreign direct investment is that it provides finance for the acquisition of capital goods. It also facilitates the transfer of technology from relatively more advanced economies to less developed ones. It also results into the positive spillovers to the continental economy through various linkages with the local supplies, imitation, competition. However, it can also result into negative spillovers and therefore deteriorates growth in a country. This will make people fear from investing in the country given that it is possible of loosing. With the benefits stated, there has been an upsurge in the demand especially over the last two decades. Although the demand has increased, there has been a variation between and within regions. Up to 1980, the Caribbean and Latin America were the largest recipients of the FDIs. The situation changed in late 1980’s with the appetite being diverted to the Pacific and Asia countries. UNCTAD 2000) The two regions catered for the 85% of the FDIs injected to the developing countries. By 1998 Pacific received 46.3%, Latin America and the Caribbean 39% Central and Eastern Europe 10.2%, Africa 4.5% and Asia 2% of the total FDIs. A number of factors have influenced the distribution and the volu me of FDIs especially in developing economies. Some of these factors includes; political stability, favorable government regulatory policies, low level of corruption, low administrative costs, presence of good business environment, skilled labor force, physical infrastructure, interest rate, productivity and the cost of labor. The below section of the paper will focus on some of the circumstances under which foreign Domestic Investments can lead to a vicious cycle of economic development. Some of these factors are as discussed below; Stability in the financial system The development of a stable financial system of the recipient country is a necessary precondition for any FDI so as to influence growth and development in a country. A financial system which is developed will be more beneficial to the economy as opposed to less developed one. When the financial system is developed then it will be easy technological fusion in the economy. FDIs require enhanced financial system since the composition of inflows of foreign resources which raises domestic savings requires proper systems and therefore easy match in the economy. Finances which are entailed in the injection can also include the purchases which are made by the foreign direct investors, new investment of the profits by the foreign investment enterprises from the parent firm; they may

No topic Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

No topic - Case Study Example Any form of emergency measure involves a set of complex chain of tasks, players, and resources, in a channel of coordination that is embedded on interdependencies for an efficient and smooth recovery of operations (Turoff 2002, 29-32). This paper makes an attempt to investigate what factors were responsible for the business crisis to arise in Rio Tinto, Japan, especially for resuming on a normal day, just after the calamity. This necessitates the need for more coordination and management of the extremities thereafter and what procedures and mechanisms to be typically utilized for coordination, decision-making and product development. Using exact criteria and in the light of the current practices of operations and resources utilizing this case study, this paper has been strategically organized as follows, a brief description of the issues, causes, alternatives, preceding the decision criteria for implementation of strategic alternatives, along with the recommended approach. The major issues that are typically emerging after any form of emergency are mostly having a relation to interdependencies in a business, as a business has multiple-level of interdependencies in terms of job responsibilities, resources, assigned personnel, and the flow of information. These are physically scattered across geographies, boundaries and departments. Therefore, any rebuilding task after an emergency involves a strategic response of either reconsidering the existing entities, dismissing others and to reconstruct throughout the course of responses to rebuild the premise. The standard procedures include standardization, planning, mutual adjustment and routine analysis (Malone 1994, 357-370; AlaybeyoÄŸlu, Albayrak and Gà ¼rbà ¼z 2012, 1-4). These decisions, howsoever varied and dynamic, will provide directions on problems solving using interdependencies. Product-design, supply-chain management, resource-management, are all affected in the course of the sudden change,

The attitudes of children and adults Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The attitudes of children and adults - Essay Example gs about these manifestations in one’s characteristics, it is the experiences that the individual undergoes that actually defines his behavior into that of an adult, or that of a child. However, basically, humans are ‘selfish’ by nature, and these attitudes towards the different parts of life may still root to the fact that humans are selfish beings. Let’s take four aspects wherein the difference between such behaviors can clearly be seen: honesty, education, trust, and personal outlook. One of the most discordant aspects of life is honesty. Honesty is one of the basic things that people can either adhere to or stray from. Although children are not the most tactful individuals one may come across with, they are by nature, very honest creatures (Froese). When it comes to honesty, a child’s remarks/comments are those that are deemed reliable, compared to that of an adult’s. Adults’ credibility in honesty is shadowed by the mere fact that it is quite natural for them to blurt out ‘white lies’, -- which is also where children are first exposed to the concept of lying. Children are very blatant in their facial expressions, as well as their actions. A child who told a lie, is most likely to gush, and cover his mouth, with an obvious act to conceal such action. Whereas an adult who told a lie is just most likely to touch his lip, a more refined and unobvious way to conceal such act (Pease and Pease 25). When it comes to lying, though, chil dren and adults both lie – and the reasons behind it are usually to one’s own benefit. A child is most likely to lie to escape punishment, while an adult may lie to impress someone, to get his way, or to protect others, even themselves (Zolten and Long). However, it is noted that any individual – child or adult, does not respond well to being lied at. In terms of education, the attitude of the child and the adult may differ in the light of how they were â€Å"programmed† for such endeavor, as well as

In this age of globalisation, while it is absolutely necessary for Essay

In this age of globalisation, while it is absolutely necessary for large listed companies in different countries to prepare fina - Essay Example It focuses on effective use of the resources in a dynamic and competitive environment. Therefore, management accounting is concerned with resource management for facilitating decision making in an organization in tune with the changes continuously taking place due to various factors which may be internal or external to the business. International Financial Reporting Standards have not been developed with a view to report management decision making or management control. However, changes in the technology sphere, especially information technology enabled development of Management Accounting Software involving complex analysis of the business situations for the purpose of making strategic management decisions. Globalization and liberalization of the economies calls for uniformity and standardization in various fields for easy dissemination of information. Therefore, the need for uniformity in management policies, procedures and methods of applications of management techniques will even tually lead to incorporation of management accounting in IFRS over a period of time. Evolution of standards The developments taking place in the businesses are accepted slowly and shaped up by the conventions followed in the society or country in the early stages. These principles undergo various judicial tests in the evolutionary process before passing through the legislature. Therefore translation of the management accounting concepts into International Financial Reporting Standards will take time, since management accounting is relatively new compared to financial accounting which has been followed by the business for many centuries. There are differences in its adoption even in the developed countries. For instance, â€Å"there are many major differences between IFRSs and the standards issued by FASB (USA), although efforts are underway to remove them to ensure convergence† (Banerjee, 2010, p. 685). For example, the practical considerations such as adoption of current val ue for the purpose of valuation of say, land or properties will be relevant in decision making process, whereas under GAAP it is required to be stated at historical cost in the financial reports. The transitional process from GAAP to IFRS in US is expected to begin in 2014. The adoption of Management accounting in developing countries is still restricted only to the larger companies. Therefore, accounting bodies of these countries are not in a hurry to push forward the cause of management accounting at this stage. The adoption of management accounting practices by an organization is a prerequisite for management accounting reports, and it will happen only when the benefits are appreciated at the company level and the cost of operating a suitable system in respect of collection and analysis of data is reasonable and consistent with the benefits derived. Impact of IAS and IFRS on Management Accounting Prochazka and Ilinitchi (n.d.) state â€Å"The implementation of IFRS into Czech le gislation has brought new quality to financial reporting. Due to their usefulness, IFRS infiltrate into management accounting systems. In fact, in many companies IFRS carry out (satisfy, meet) the function of internal management accounting (with some modification allowing better internal performance evaluation).† However, it is restricted to certain disclosures where information available from the financial accounts is not adequate. The level of integration of financial and management accoun

Mobile marketing is more effective than e-mail marketing Essay

Mobile marketing is more effective than e-mail marketing - Essay Example The researcher states that this era is known as the era of information technology in view of the fact that the innovations brought by the information technology have not only modernized the ways businesses and individuals carry out their tasks but also improved the living standards. With the emergence of the Internet, the majority of people started using it for email and communication purposes. But soon it was replaced with mobile technology. Now the majority of people use mobile phones to complete their daily tasks. Seeing the increasing interest of people in mobile technology, business marketers have started using it for marketing and promotion of business contents. Mobile marketing is a process through which traditional marketing activities are carried out using a mobile phone. Basically, the mobile marketing is the process of using mobile phones to provide customers with location and time specific, custom-made information, which promotes goods, services, and ideas. However, the q uestion is that in this technology based era how effective is mobile marketing. This paper presents a comparison of mobile and email marketing strategies. The basic purpose of this research is to prove the claim that mobile marketing is more effective than email marketing. According to Roach, the current position and modern characteristics of the mobile technology as a one-to-one communication device define that mobile marketing is evocative of an inventive kind of direct marketing. Up till now many researchers have carried out extensive research to determine the factors which have an effect on consumer acceptance of marketing contents distributed through mobile marketing. In addition, various researchers such as (Barnes and Scornavacca), (Barwise and Strong) and Leppaniemi and Karjaluoto) discuss similar ideas. Additionally, their research is based on three key components: first of all there is a need to see that the user has given their approval to take delivery of marketing conte nts to their mobile phone; the level of authority the service provider maintains throughout the transaction, and the level to which the mobile user has trust on the brand being marketed. In the same way, (TRAPPEY and WOODSIDE) and (Merisavo, Kajalo and Karjaluoto) also discuss the features and elements of the marketing material and distribution. They have discussed various factors driving the consumer's level of acceptability (Merisavo, Kajalo and Karjaluoto) and (TRAPPEY and WOODSIDE). On the other hand, thus far, there has been little research committed to discovering the characteristics of this medium, and whether they have an effect on a customers’ decision to agree to or refuse marketing communications delivered straightforwardly to their mobile phone (Roach). Research Methodology This research will be based on the qualitative research methodology. For this purpose, I will collect data from academic journals, marketing books, newspapers and online promotional material in an attempt to support my research. I will analyze some of basic aspects that demonstrate superiority of mobile marketing methods for business promotion. This research will qualitatively assess some of the major aspects to prove how mobile marketing is more efficient than email marketing. Results and Discussion The one of the major problems with trying to reach customers through email is that the majority of business organizations had already made use of this strategy that it can without doubt be considered as spam by the target customers. In this scenario, mobile advertising and mobile marketing are a brilliant way to reach customers, in particular when business

Investigation on Rates of a Reaction Essay Example for Free

Investigation on Rates of a Reaction Essay We are changing the concentration of the acid solution to see which has a quicker reaction with the metal. To keep it a fair test I will be keeping the following constant:    The length of the magnesium   The volume of the acid The temperature of the solution and the laboratory in which we carry out the experiment I will not be using a catalyst Prediction Based on my scientific knowledge I predict that as the number moles in a solution (unit at which we measure concentration) increases the speed at which the reaction occurs will also therefore the higher the concentration the faster the reaction takes place. In this view by doubling the concentration theoretically the time taken should half. Apparatus Here is a list of equipment that I will be using during this experiment:    25 x test tubes 5 x test tube racks   500 ml x hydrochloric acid (HCl)   160 ml x distilled water   25 cm x magnesium ribbon (mg) 1 x medium beaker   1 x bung   1 x measuring cylinder   1 x scissors   1 x stop watch   1 x pencil, pen (to label the test tubes) and table for results Method Here is an account of how I will be doing the actual experiment (based on the pilot experiment). Collect the test tubes and place them in the racks, cut magnesium ribbon and collect the acid and distilled water, measure out the following:    20 ml of acid (2 moles of acid)   17. 5 ml of acid and 2. 5 ml of D. water (1. 75 moles )   15 ml of acid and 5 ml of D. water (1. 5 moles )   10 ml of acid and 10 ml of D. water (1. 0 moles ) 5 ml of acid and 15 ml of D. water (0. 5 moles ) Prepare each 5 times and pour into test tubes Use one rack per concentration.   Once each is measured place a bung in the starting test tube and shake vigorously to thoroughly mix the solution. Place one piece of magnesium ribbon into the solution and start the stop clock. Stop the clock once the solution has completely finished reacting (no bubbles are being produced) with the magnesium and record.   Repeat this for all 25 test tubes Calculate the average for each set of results Plot this on a graph NB. D. stands for distilled. In order to ensure that this experiment is safe I will be doing the following: Any bags must be placed securely under the desk.   The experiment must be performed in the centre of the table.   I will only add acid to water. We will be wearing safety goggles at all times. Towels and running water will be nearby in case of any acid spills. Ms Pinion will be supervising all of the experiments. Below shows a diagram whilst the experiment is being performed: Results Concentration (moles) Time for try 1 (secs) Time for try 2 (secs) Time for try 3 (secs) Time for try 4 (secs) Time for try 5 (secs) Average time (secs) 0 Analysis. Looking at the graph I can see that as the concentration increases the time taken for the reaction to occur decreases therefore the rate of reaction increases. As I said in my scientific knowledge this occurs because as the concentration increases obviously the number of particles within the solution also increases. With more particles the chances that the HCl molecules will collide with the magnesium molecules and have enough activation energy increases and so the rate of reaction will increase. You could also read the graph another way, as the time taken for the reaction to occur increases the concentration decreases. The reason behind this is that with fewer molecules of HCl in a weaker acid the fewer the chances that the particles will collide with the magnesium molecules and so the rate of reaction decreases. Between the concentrations 0. 5 moles and 1. 0 mole the line was quite steep; there was a rapid decrease in the time taken for the reaction to complete. A possible reason for this could be that 1. 0 moles is double 0. 5 moles and so because there is double the amount of molecules theoretically the time taken at 1 mole should be half of that taken at 0. 5 moles. My prediction was correct because as the concentration increased the time taken for the reaction to occur decreased therefore resulting in a higher rate of reaction. Evaluation Looking at my results I think that they are quite accurate, the graph is a smooth curve joining 4 out of the 5 points, I received one anomalous result. This was for 1. 5 moles, the result I got was 48 seconds when it should have been 32 seconds. A possible reason for the anomaly could be from the following:-   Too little acid was placed in the solution and so the concentration could have been less than originally expected. Human reaction time is always delayed and so the reaction may have stopped seconds earlier.   The equipment I used may not have been accurate enough, for example I used a measuring cylinder when I could have used a burette to measure the acid and the water.   I judged whether the reaction had finished by looking when it had stopped bubbling; obviously this can be difficult to keep accurate as it is not always easy to tell, in a slow reaction for example bubbles can be produced very slowly, if there is a large gap in time when no bubbles are produced I could assume that the reaction had stopped when it hadnt making the reaction unfair. To over come this, instead I could measure the amount of hydrogen produced in a certain amount of time; to do this I would need a gas syringe. I believe that I repeated my results a suitable amount of times to get a reliable average and I think that my range of results was enough to complete the investigation with suitable proof. Yet based on the information above I could say that the data may not be sufficiently accurate to support a conclusion, despite the fact that my results were as I had expected the question arises that if my results had have been more precise would my results have been different. My result didnt follow a specific pattern but they did decrease as I increased the concentration. If I were to develop this investigation further I would almost certainly repeat the experiment taking into account the information above (possible reasons for the anomalie), by doing this I will be able to establish the whether or not the investigation that I performed this time was inaccurate. If I were to explore other areas of this topic I would look at different metals and how they affect the rat of a reaction, different acids and see what effect they have and I would possibly look into one of the aspects of my scientific knowledge.

Overview of Culture in India

Overview of Culture in India The culture of India is the way of people living out there, what they speak, their religions, celebrations, dance, music, architecture, food, and customs. India is land of unity in diversity because people of different religions live together. The culture of India is the oldest, yet unique and colorful. There is a certain welcoming about India that are known worldwide for instance, greetings to elders and outsiders Namaste is most common way of greeting. Namaste is important in the Hindu culture because its a symbol of respect and admiration not only for elders, outsiders but, also for younger too. In India, younger touching elders feet it shows great respect to their elders. They touch the feet of their elders daily after waking up and especially on the festive occasions or before starting an important work. They greet their guests with respect and them with utmost care. I have always believed in the concept of Atithi Devo Bhava which means The Guest is considered equal to God. There are different types of languages depending in the places. Each area has their own languages and people like to speak in their mother language. The languages in India besides English and Hindi are Bengali, Telugu, Marathi, Punjabi and many more. Joint family system is part of Indian culture to showing respect to their elder. People still live together as joint family but, now people have profession so they have to come out for job opportunities and stayed alone. There is always a hand of elders on their head in joint family and for alone too. Staying alone you have freedom and understanding the life in a wide way. There are different types of festivals celebrated in India. Different people celebrate different festivals as per their religion, caste and culture. People celebrate National festivals like Independence Day, Republic Day as well as religion festivals like Dussehra, Diwali, Raksha Bandhan, Holi, Eid, Buddha Purnima, Christmas, New Year and many more. Holi is the festival of colors because people throw the color to each other in order to celebrate. Raksha Bandhan is a festival of the love and duty between brothers and sisters. It is to celebratebrother-sister relationship who may or may not be biologically related. Sisters tie a sacred thread on her brothers wrist, that symbolizes the sisters love and prayers for her brothers well-being, and the brothers lifelong vow to protect her. I dont have brother but, I always tie tread in my sister wrist or my cousin. This thread is just not a simple thread because it reminds brother his responsibility to take always care, support, and protect h is sister under all circumstance. Diwali is also known as festival of light as on this day every people, especially Hindus lighten up their home with light including candles and diyas (oil Lamp) its celebrated in honors of Lord Ram. He returned to his kingdom, Ayodhys after spending 14 years in forest. Its celebrate in the mark of victory of good over evil. There is a tradition of worshiping Devi Lakshmi and Ganapati (elephant head God) on this day because its done for securing peace, prosperity, wealth and happiness. People celebrate Dussehra festival to mark the victory of Lord Rama over Ravana. Rama is an incarnation of Lord Vishnu. Ravana was an evil demon. It signifiesthe victory of good over the evil. People go to see the famous folk play of Ram Lila. The story of Lord Rama is shown in the play. The epic Ramayana tells the story of the Lord Rama who wins the lovely Sita as his wife, only to have her carried off by Ravana, the demon king of Lanka. Ravana plays an important role in the Ramayana. Buddha Purnima celebrated actually for the eve of birth, enlightenment and passing into nirvana of Gautama Buddha. On the day of Buddha Purnima, the devotees gather together in the Buddhist Temples to hoist the Buddhist flag. Temples are decorated beautifully. Flowers are offered to teachers. Devotees are encouraged to refrain from violence and to accept only vegetarian food. On this day, the Buddhist monks teach the teachings of Buddha. The devotees are encouraged to follow the teachings of the great master. The teachings of Gautama Buddha were simple. He asked his disciples to judge his teachings with their own intellect and then decide if they want to follow his teachings or not. The eight noble path of Buddha are of right belief, intent, speech, behavior, effort, livelihood, contemplation and concentration. Bodh Gaya is a sacred religious site in India. It is believed that Gautama Buddha attained enlightenment in Bode Gaya. Every year, many devotees from all over the world come t o this place to celebrate Buddha Purnima. Art, literature, theater and film (world famous Bollywood films), and architecture have flourished in India for centuries and they continue to flourish today. The Ramayana is one of the oldest known epic works of literature. India has full of talents in the field of art or architecture includes paintings, rangoli, plastic arts like pottery, and textile arts like woven silk, etc. For examples including paintings of Ajanta cave, Paintings of Ellora cave, etc. Rangoli are the art generally made by the female members of the family. From ages, India has great number of architecture like Rock-cut temples of Mahabalipuram, temples of Thanjavur, Kanchipuram and many more. It seems that wherever you turn in India you will come across a site of historic, natural or cultural importance. India is rich in heritage, and some of the main UNESCO world heritage sites in India are Taj Mahal: Tourists flock from all over the world to see this resplendent seventeenth century palace. The Great Himalayan National Park is worlds tallest mountain. Agra Fort: The Yumana river flows serenely past this ancient fort in the state of Uttar Pradesh. Elephant Caves: Deep inside these spooky caves you will find elegant statues and designs carved by the human hand. Indian culture would remain incomplete if we do not discuss the various classical, fold dance forms, Music, clothing and Food. The most popular Classical dance forms are Bharatanatyam, Kathakali, Kathak, Manipuri, etc. Folk dances are mainly performed in any occasion like birth of a child, festivals, harvesting seasons, wedding events, etc. For Indians, music is to soul what food is to body. Since Vedic period, it has been capturing the heart and mind of every Indian. In the classical Indian music, there are basically two types of schools- the Hindustani Music (North) and the Carnatic Music (South). Raga arrangement of musical notes is the key in the classical music. The Indian villages also have their special kind of music that carries colours of folk tradition. Music of Indian movies is also liked by the masses. Indian clothing is closely identified with the colorful silk sarees worn by many of the countrys women. Different regions of India have different specialty and variety of sarees. In Punjab the traditional dress is Salwar Kameez and in Rajasthan it is Gagra Choli or also known as Lehenga. The traditional clothing for men is the dhoti, an unstitched piece of cloth that is tied around the waist and legs. Men also wear a kurta, a loose shirt that is worn about knee-length. For special occasions, men wear a sherwani, which is a long coat that is buttoned up to the collar and down to the knees. When the Moghul Empire invaded during the sixteenth century, they left a significant mark on the Indian cuisine. Indian cuisine is also influenced by many other countries and It is known for large assortment of dishes and liberal use of herbs and spices. The most important parts of the Indian cuisine are rice, flour and an element called pulses. Pulses are red lentils, Bengal ram, pigeon pea, black gram and green gram. The variety in Indian spices like black pepper, coriander seeds, cardamom, saffron and cumin seeds not only enhance the flavor of the food but also add value to it. North India has chole bhature, tandoori chicken, rajma chawal, kadhi chawal, dhokla, daal baati churma and biryani to relish, South India is not behind in the race. From masala dosa, rava uttpam, rasam, sambar-lemon rice to toran, appam, meen; the South Indian cuisine has a great variety to offer. Many Hindus are vegetarians, but lamb, goat and chicken are common in main dishes for non-vegetarians. Hindu do not eat beef but, non-Hindu interpret these beliefs mean that Hindu worship cow which not true. The cow is thought to be sacred, deeply honor, respect and adore. In India most states have banned cow slaughter and almost 90% dont prefer to eat. Both Hindu and Non Hindu do not prefer to eat pork. Sources Indian Culture Tradition The Basis Behind Its Elements. Sadhguru, 14 Feb. 2014. Web. 08 Mar. 2018. Choudhury, Samar. Essay on Indian Culture and Tradition. Important India. N.p., 21 Dec. 2015. Web. 08 Mar. 2017. Zimmermann, Kim Ann. Indian Culture: Traditions and Customs of India. LiveScience. Purch, 30 Jan. 2015. Web. 08 Mar. 2017. Culture of India. Culture of India Find All About Indian Culture. N.p., n.d. Web. 08 Mar. 2017. Home. India Language, Culture, Customs and Etiquette. N.p., n.d. Web. 09 Mar. 2017.

A study on narrative therapy being emotionally focused

A study on narrative therapy being emotionally focused When one imagines a spouse coming home from work there is usually a question asked in the scenario, how was your day? Now in the household I grew up that question was usually responded to with a story or anecdote as oppose to a simple fine or bad. My family has always been emotionally open, but generally withdrawn from using the emotion words like happy or sad instead explaining their days through the events. I think that narrative therapy has much potential to be emotionally focused, and still accept the social constructs we all are inundated with from birth. In many ways narrative therapy celebrates life as two stories intertwine with one another and the therapist is not the expert, but an interested collaborator. Rather than look for pathology or flawed functioning couples the therapist works to develop awareness of problematic discourse and offer couple the opportunity to describe and evaluate the effects of those discourses on their relationship. (Freedman Combs, 2008) I full-heartedly agree with narrative therapies take on goal setting. By being too specific in any goals life possibilities are eliminated and single-mindedness tends to reign supreme in ones mind. Life has a fluidity that presents and eliminates obstacles. Goals do not always account for these variations. The goal setting of narrative therapy is to help the narrative remain fluid from moment to moment and what positive emotions can be reached. (Freedman Combs, 2008) I think that objectivity is a key component to solving dysfunction and once two people become too enmeshed in a conflict, objectivity disappears. Working with narratives is an excellent way to separate oneself from a conflict and see a perspective without as much irrationality. The couple in the provided scenario is losing objectivity in their current worldview of soon to be married professionals. Narrative therapy is not a concrete process with a list of events that have to occur before the next step can occur. It is a more cyclical process that allows the therapist and couple the ability to move back and forth between the processed goals. That does not mean a regression in thinking will not happen, but narrative therapy is based on building forward a story that has its own ebbs and flows. It is the role of the therapist to guide and advise the client in ways to construct the narrative. (Brimhall, Gardner, Heline, 2003) I thought of narrative therapy when I started thinking about the couple in the scenario, because with only three months before the wedding I feel that constructing a narrative would work with the time period available. Narrative therapy has a free structure that has a distinct jumping off point, but overall a structure that has chapters that include emotions one can return to. I would personally be weary of how many sessions I would be able to have with this couple with their wedding being so close. The first thing to do in the initial session and assessment with the couple in the scenario is have them identify their problem. Ask them to give a name to the problem, associate the emotions with the problem, and identify the alteration in each member of the couples lives and relationships due to the problem. The couple stated that the problem is constantly getting into fights and cannot discuss anything without being angry and defensive. For the sake of brevity the problem will be shortened to fighting. The next thing is to construct the narrative that leads up to the anger, fights, and defensiveness. While the narrative approach is based on the clients being the experts on their own lives, a therapist must still assess disorders, dysfunctions, and negative thoughts. The therapist is also responsible for making the dialogue progress so that all the necessary emotions and cognitions about the relationship emerge. It is easy to see one side of the couple dominate the narrative. Each member of the couple should have equal time to present their own narrative and the therapist should make sure of this. One member of the couple tells his or her narrative of the relationship to the therapist while the other partner listens. The therapist reiterates it back to make sure everything is clear. This gives the therapist the chance to reframe the narrative structure and encourages the listening partner to understand the narrative from an objective viewpoint. Then the same process happens with the other partner. Each partner must feel that their own story has been heard. One partner should not dominate the session. After each partner has shared his narrative then the therapist has a clear vision of all the problems which in this couples case are anger and defensiveness. Ultimately, I think there should be a completely shared narrative also, but that is idealistic. The couple spins the narrative in the sessions a greater understanding of the relationship between couple and problem presented in the narrative. By mapping the influence understanding of the problem a therapist can begin to trace back where and when the fighting started. (Corey, 2009) This couple does not have an enormous history of fighting, so the historical precedent can be traced to an origin point. I would also work on preferred points in the relationship. Both members of the couple could benefit from positivity with questions such as what initially attracted you two to one another? What kinds of things do you like to do together? What do you most appreciate about your partner? Exploring the narratives of the successful times of the couples relationship can be just as much a positive benefit as looking at their problems. The therapist can begin to see the patterns that emerge in each narrative where the named problem is present. From this point, hopefully with rapport built, it will be time to start externalizing the narrative the couple has presented. Externalization means a new and more objective perspective and the ability to re-author the narrative into alternative meanings. The externalization of conversations is the key to an objective attitude when in an emotionally charged situation. Part of externalization is the need to know their relationship with the problem. How does the fighting start? What makes the fighting worse? What makes the fighting stop? These are all questions each partner should address when looking at the relationship with the problem. There is a very good chance that the couple will each have their own answers to these fighting relationship questions, but it is of the utmost importance to note both partners have a relationship with the problem. (Freedman Combs, 2008) The co uple should then start seeing each others narratives and the attached emotions. It is really important to monitor each clients emotions and follow them up with additional emotionally focused questions. Just because the couple has a better emotional understanding does not mean hurt feelings and negativity cannot appear, especially in early stages. If needed returning to positive questioning and the preferred time could be part of the strategy. The next step is the search for unique outcomes. This is to search for moments during the problem that point to success regarding the problem. (Corey, 2009) What are the exceptions to the problem? I like to think of the lessons learned of unique outcomes is like capturing lightning in a bottle. Is there anything that this couple can do to recreate the incident that stopped the fighting? These unique outcomes often are accompanied by events that cannot be recreated. When that unique outcome is found a new story can be formed. With this unique outcome solutions are starting to materialize amongst the couple. More history should be evaluated amongst the clients. After restructuring clients start determining the pattern of negativity and they have the ability to team-up against the problem that is sabotaging their relationship. (Johnson, 2004) It is important to see all members of the counseling party united against a common goal now. After progress with the couple and successful externalization of narratives the couple will talk directly to each other instead of dialogue being filtered through the therapist. The therapist still acts as the guide and monitors the dialogue to avoid or counter-act the relational problems and the regressions from the prefered story. Hopefully, the couple has moved past the strict turn based structure initially presented amongst the first sessions, but still respects each others dialogue. (Brimhall, Gardner, Heline, 2003) With the scenarios couple the therapist has to monitor awareness of anger and defensiveness and point out the problem when it arises. When a couple is aware of the path their narrative is takin g they actively try to avoid the problem and restructure the dialogue of the narrative. The therapist is trying to pursue unconditional positive regard between the partners without having them discount their emotions. After they have finished the therapist guided sessions the clients should have created a mutual preferred narrative and start complete non-turn based dialogue based on a solution focused result. The positive regard is more apparent in the couple and they are able to focus on unique outcomes.The couple now has new interactions and alternative stories. The couple is in the last stages of their therapy and have an awareness of their problems and strategies for coping with regression back into the problem. The narrative is now ready to be solidified. This stage is close to termination with the couple. The couple now has a unique preferred narrative that both partners have contributed to. This story contains positive outlooks and more objective views. This concrete preferred narrative is also fused with positive emotions and noticeable cooperation attacking the problem from both partners. Bringing in an outside party to share the completion of the new narrative is an improtant activity for the client to participate in. This shows the client has completed a goal. I believe external validation away from therapy couch is necessary to promote growth in any problems, whether individual, conjoint, or group. This demonstrates self-confidence in the client as well and shows they are self-reliant when facing their problems. (Brimhall, Gardner, Heline, 2003) The only step left for the couple now is to prepare for the future. The couple can now circumvent their problems of anger, defensiveness, and can use externalizing questions to explore emotions and attain an objective perspective on their problems. There are steps that this couple learned that they can use for the rest of their relationship. The theory of narrative couples therapy has many diverse skills a couple can learn to help them through relationship problems and prepare them for the future. The therapist can combine many aspects of different theories in narrative, including emotionally focused therapy so they can attack client problem from many different angles.

Impact of Digital Marketing on Food Service Industry Essay -- Digital

Statement of the Problem In the contemporary world, every type of business is going digital. Manufacturers, retail stores, and restaurants, to name just a few, are realizing unimaginable profit margins due to incorporating modern technology in their marketing strategies. Entrance of digital media and real-time marketing into the scene has resulted in a significant improvement in the traditional ways of marketing and carrying out business. Dissemination of information and media has been highly revolutionized. However, there is limited research related to real-time marketing especially as it concerns the service industry. Digital media have proved to be very efficient in their degree of reliability and fast data transmission. This has led to a major boosts in the connectivity and communication of restaurant businesses with their customers. In restaurants, there exists a very close relationship between the attendants and the customer. With such attributive aspect, good customer-producer relations can be built comprehensively through digital media. This study will help justify the past research work and will also seek to unravel the mystery of the impact of technological marketing approaches on the discovery and progress of food and restaurant services enterprises. Background The internet is the biggest digital networking tool. The internet offers a number of platforms for digital marketing. Many electronic communication tools offer access to the internet. Personal computers, mobile phones, smart phones, tablets, and various other electronic products offer access to the internet. Over the internet, platforms such as websites, emails, applications (classic and mobile) and social networks are essential for marketing (Hutley,... ... of current research (Belch & Belch, 2001). References Ashcroft, L., and Hoey, C. (January 15, 2001). PR, marketing and the Internet: implications for information professionals. Library Management, 22, 68-74. Belch, G. E., & Belch, M. A. (2001). Advertising and promotion: An integrated marketing communications perspective. Boston, Mass: Irwin/McGraw-Hill. Hutley R. (2009). Social Networking as a Business Tool. Cisco Internet Business Solutions Joint Research Center Technical Reports (2008). Social Computing: Study on Use and Impact of Kotler, P., & Armstrong, G. (2005). Principles of marketing. Englewood Cliffs, N.J: Prentice Tamburrini, G. and Zhang, W (2014) Entrepreneurship in Time of Crisis: The Outsourcing of Services through Franchise Arrangements in the Italian Food Service Industry. Journal of Food service Business Research, 17(1), 28-47.

Essay --

A characteristic property can help identify a substance. A characteristic property will never change even when the volume of a substance is varied. A characteristic property also does not change when a substance changes state in matter. A physical property cannot identify a substance. A physical property will change when the volume of a substance is varied. It can also change when the substance changes state in matter. For example, if the volume and mass of a substance changes then the physical appearance will also change. However, the density, which is a characteristic property, will not change at all. The boiling point of a substance is the temperature that a substance changes from a liquid to a gas. The boiling point of a substance is a characteristic property because the boiling point of a substance will never change even when the volume and mass changes. The only thing that will change is the time that it takes to reach that temperature. If the mass and volume of the substance is small, then it will take a small amount of time for the substance to reach the temperature. However if the mass and volume of the substance is larger, then it will take a longer time to reach the temperature. The purpose of this lab was to see if when the volume of a substance changes so does the boiling point. The procedure of the lab on day one was to get a ring stand and clamp, then put the substance in the test tube. Then put the test tube in the clamp and then get a Bunsen burner. After that put the Bunsen burner underneath the test tube to heat it. The procedure of the lab for day two was almost exactly the same, except the substances that were used were different. The hypothesis was accepted. The hypothesis was if the am... ...roup seven had were that day one plateaued at a lower temperature than day two. It was learned that changing the volume of the same substance will never change the boiling point of the substance. However having two different substances with the same volume will result in two different boiling points. The purpose of this lab was to determine if changing the volume of a substance will change the boiling point. This is useful to know in real life because if someone wanted to boil water to make pasta and did not know how much water to put in the pot. If the person knew if changing the volume of a substance will not change the boiling point, but only alter how much time it takes for the substance to reach the temperature. Then the person would know that it would be better to not put too much water in the pot, because it would take longer for the water to boil.

How to be a Better Health Care Provider Essay

There are different ways to be a better health care provider. It takes practice to do so. Things like problems and communication barriers aren’t going to be the same with everybody. You have to know how to handle different situations with different types of people. When it comes to health care and taking care of patients, you have to do your best in everything to try and help the patient. If there are communication barriers, you have to work around those, find a way to communicate. There are different ways to be a better health care provider. It’s very important to be precise and explicit with your word choice. Your words can mean a lot to a patient so be careful with the words you choose. There can be different situations in health care, you have to know how to handle them all. Most of all you need to know the problem solving steps. You have to identify the problem, list all alternatives, name the consequences of the alternatives, and evaluate and choose the best course of action. You need to be very careful in what you do in situations. All of them won’t be easy, so you must be prepared for the worst at all times. In every health care place there is always team work and consensus. Team work is very important, because you need team work in order to take care of patients. It’s like if you were in sugary and there was one person doing it, that’s not how it works. Multiple people are in on that surgery helping the surgeon, and that’s not the only case it can be used. When a woman is giving birth, there are multiple people helping. No matter what you do in health care there will always be team work, so it’s important to know how to work with others, and handle different people, and personalities. Point is, in order to be a better health care provider you need to know a lot about working with people. It’s not going to be just you, it’s going to be you and a lot of other people. It can be hard, but you have to learn to cope, especially in a bad environment. It just takes practice and experience which you’ll get. One of the keys is being patient, so just be patient, have a good attitude, be helpful in team work situations, do your best to communicate when there are communication barriers, and you’ll be a better  health care provider before you know it.

Functionalist theories Essay

The functionalist theory posits that the society is composed of interconnected parts which function like a social system. In a society, there are parts that work in a similar manner the human body works as a system made of different organs. The ‘organs’ of a society are the social institutions that are set up to work together to ensure that the society runs smoothly. Such institutions include schools and family set ups. Levin (2009, para 3) defines functionalism as â€Å"the doctrine that what makes something a thought, desire, pain (or any other type of mental state) depends not on its internal constitution, but solely on its function. † As such, functionalism theories describe the mental state as a function of behavior, stimulation of senses or other states of the mind. For instance, it is possible to say that pain results from injury in the body thus symbolizing that something is not functioning as expected and therefore the body desires to be out of the painful state. The functionalist theory is not restricted to creatures that have a mental state and can be applicable in silicon-based conditions. That is why the different states of mind can be said to be multiply realized. Physical states as well as non-physical states are viewed as able to cause a specific mental state. This is why Levin (2009) finds functionalism being similar to dualism. Under functionalism theories, there are theories that the mental states are said to give a description of what our mental state descriptions mean. Other theories under functionalism provide that mental states can be characterized according to facts proved through scientific experimentations. Different social scientists have made different contributions to the functionalist theory. Aristotle is among the earliest ancestors of functionalism. Aristotle came up with the theory of the soul where he argued that the soul of a human being cannot exist independent of the body and thus the soul forms the natural part of the entire human body. The soul is therefore a combination of powers that help the body to express itself. The human body as a system functions to enable survival (living) as well as to reason thereby acting as necessary. Aristotle therefore finds the soul as a part of the human body which cannot be separated. In addition, the soul empowers the body to live as well as perceive stimuli with subsequent action. Hobbes (1651) is also recognized as one of the important contributors to functionalism. Hobbes takes a mechanistic approach of the state of mind by arguing that human reasoning is comparable to arithmetic computation with adherence to arithmetic rules. Hobbes proceeds to argue that human reasoning as a function is not restricted to human minds only and instead physical systems also possess the capacity to carry out reasoning. As such, machines are able to carry out the functions that are similar to that of a reasoning mind. Levin (2009) cites that Hobbes arguments were accepted in the twentieth century where social scientists realized that different physical creatures can perform the thinking function since thinking per se is controlled by functions similar to computation. Jean Piaget is an influential social scientist who had a functionalist view. Piaget (1896-1980) was a developmental psychologist who looked into the thinking in children. Piaget posited that new born have reflexes that are responsible for behavior control in other species throughout life. The reflexes in infants enable adaptation thus they are replaced by complex schemes as the infant grows. Assimilation processes occur to enable the environment match with the individual’s cognitive structures. On the other hand, an accommodation process involves the cognitive structures being modified to adapt changes in the environment. Piaget therefore came up with four cognitive development stages. These include sensorimotor stage, preoperational stage, concrete operational phase and formal operational phase (Huitt & Hummel, 2003). It is therefore evident that complexity of behaviors is hierarchical and so are the adaptation mechanisms. Social scientists have contributed significantly to current learning theory by forming the basis for development of schooling programs that are accommodative of human beings at all stages of life. Piaget’s theory for instance is the foundational theory for pre-school programs as well as programs for primary school students. In addition, the theory also provides a basis for constructivist learning (Huitt & Hummel, 2003). Aristotle’s and Hobbes’s theories are foundational to behaviorism whether logical or machine state. All these have expanded the field of cognitive psychology. Indeed, functionalist theories will remain invaluable in psychology as evidenced by the usefulness of the functionalist theories developed by Aristotle, Hobbes and Piaget. At the same time, the theories will remain debatable as long as social scientists continue with their endeavor to understand human mind and behavior. Functionalist theories will also be at the center of understanding the psychology of learning. References Huitt, W. , and Hummel, J. (2003). Piaget’s theory of cognitive development. Educational Psychology Interactive. Valdosta, GA: Valdosta State University. Retrieved 19, July 2010 from http://www. edpsycinteractive. org/topics/cogsys/piaget. html Levin, J. (2009). Functionalism. Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Retrieved 19, July 2010 from http://plato. stanford. edu/entries/functionalism/

Dippin Dots UK

Case 34: Dippin’ Dots Ice Cream and Coffee? 1) What elements in the external environment might affect Dippin’ Dots’ strategy? * The threat of new entrants into the industry creates more competition. * The power of the suppliers and buyers. As the present competition and potential new competition in the â€Å"frozen desserts† segment, have a major effect externally. * There are already substitutes to the Dippin’ Dots’ products, but there is still threat of new substitutes. * Intense rivalry is among Dippin’ Dots’; there are many imitators of this product. * Due to the market prices, the economy has a great impact on sales. ) What internal resources does Dippin’ Dots have that might help it support its competitive strategy? * A Unique Value Chain * Professional business connection with McDonalds. * The human intellectual knowledge was what separated Dippin’ Dots’ from others. * Jones was a microbiologist, * R& D is one major key in the Dippin’ Dots’ market, after all that’s how Mr. Jones started. * Example Mr. Jones developed the â€Å"microencapsulating†. * Entrepreneurial leadership was how Dippin’ Dots’ was created, and have leaded them to a creative mindset. * One of the 500 fastest growing companies, ranked #4 on the Entrepreneur magazine’s 2004 list. Total quality management lead to the quality of products and processes that Dippin’ Dots’ creates. 3) What is Dippin’ Dots’ competitive strategy, and what is the basis of its competitive advantage? * Total Quality Management: * The quality standards are maintained throughout the organization. * The overall product is a competitive strategy in itself. * Procedures, processes and resources needed to implement quality management, and are determined by the quality of the product, the satisfaction of the customer, cost analysis, revenue, and management performance. The Growth and Expansion * Interest is increasing for Dippin’ Dots’, and other entrepreneurs contacted Jones about opening up stores to sell. * Dippin’ Dots’ has grown into a multimillion dollar company gaining more dealers. * Franchise Dippin’ Dots’. 4) How has an entrepreneurial strategy and the management of innovation helped Dippin’ Dots establish its competitive edge? What challenges remain for Curt Jones? * Entrepreneurial Strategy * Family Business Model * Adaptive new entry * Ability to begin franchises, and get their names out there. * Management Innovations Incremental innovations through the development of new ways to make Dippin’ Dots’ even more of a threat. * Sustainability to be able to continue to grow their business. * Curt Jones got a patent for public disclosure of the invention. * Challenges for MR. Jones * There is always going to be completion that could impact the company, especially their popularit y. * Advertising can be an issue, there is a lack of it in the market, and is only marketed in certain areas. * Finding was to continue to make Dippin’ Dots’ rare and difficult to imitate, because so many frozen dessert companies are trying to come close to imitate the ice cream dots.

A Comparison between Romeo and Juliet, and Much Ado About Nothing

Comparisons are great between many of Shakespeare’s works. Many comparisons can be made in lies, fights, and conflict between Romeo and Juliet, which is a tragedy, and Much Ado About Nothing, which is a comedy. After comparing them both they show these in all elements. First, characters in both plays include villains, lovers, and friends. In both pieces the topic of lies comes up many times. Many characters display this. The first act of dishonesty happened when Romeo and Benvolio tried to deceive the Capulet’s by attending their feast, uninvited. As a result, Romeo met Juliet, and instantly fell in love, which was the beginning of the play. When he met Juliet, Romeo said, â€Å"Did my heart love till now? Forswear it, sight! For I ne’er saw true beauty till this night† (1. 5. 52-53). Romeo is already in love, when he has only just met this woman. This is the main cause of the entire tragedy. The most destructive act of lying was in â€Å"Much Ado about Nothing† when Borachio and Don John framed young Hero. â€Å"But you are more intemperate in your blood/Than Venus, or those pamper’d animals† (4. 1. 53-54). Claudio has just accused Hero of being unworthy due to a framed situation.. This entirely ruined their wedding. Consequences are also shown throughout both to prove the trouble of love. In both plays love is the bond that holds them together, in spite of many fights the two face. For instance, the entire tale of â€Å"Romeo and Juliet† is based upon a feud. The Montague’s and Capulet’s despise one another. The fight continues to dwell on; the families refuse to forgive and forget. â€Å"From ancient grudge break to new mutiny,?where civil blood makes civil hands unclean† (1. 1. 3). This stubborn mindset prevents young Juliet and Romeo from public love. In Much Ado About Nothing, the main plot also contains an angry perspective. Beatrice and Benedick are constantly bickering throughout the story. Both characters are witty and quick to start an argument. Your foolish reaction can often be expressed as Signor Mountanto† (2. 2. 4-5). This is just an example of Beatrice’s rude attitude, which is often displayed by Benedick as well. As there fighting continues, a love begins to grow. Possibly, the internal feelings they both had caused the continual disagreements. Lastly, the conflict of both plays proved the problems love may cause. Because of the rivalry the Montague’s and Capulet’s maintained, Romeo and Juliet were prohibited from being seen in public as a couple. This; however did not prevent the two from being together. â€Å"With love’s light wings did I o'erperch these walls/For stony limits cannot hold love out,† (2. 2. 66-67). Romeo says his feelings, and says it is impossible to keep him away from her. The secrecy between the two began and soon ended in problem. In William Shakespeare’s other work, â€Å"Much Ado about Nothing† there are also many secrets. The characters work together to show Benedick and Beatrice they have feelings for one another. â€Å"Dote on Signor Benedick, whom she hath in all outward behaviors seemed ever to abhor† (2. 3. 81-82). Both people were fooled into discovering love with each other. In conclusion we can say they are both the same piece of literature, however with dramatic diversities. As you read you begin to realize this even more so. Each characters and there feelings relate to another, and allows for a rather complicated, interesting plot.

Critically evaluate methodologies for achieving risk management Essay

Critically evaluate methodologies for achieving risk management process evaluation and change and comment on the constraints - Essay Example The methodologies for the management of risk in the hospitality industry may be broadly classified as being organisational and financial in nature. The strategies for the management of risks in the hospitality industry may be classified as being defensive, cautious or offensive in nature and these may be dictated by the broad business environment of the day. Risk avoidance, risk reduction or risk transfer are the organisational methodologies for managing risks and their financial counterparts for the management of risks include risk retention, transfer of risk related financial liability and risk repartition in which risks are spread amongst a number of businesses or groups. Whereas a practical organisational strategy is likely to combine a number of techniques to handle risks associated with a hospitality operation, attempts towards the repartition of risks present the best way to deal with situations in a global economy in which the clients of the hospitality industry or the touris ts have a number of alternatives that are available to them. This brief essay attempts to take a look at the methodologies for managing risk in the hospitality industry. Any economic activity is characterised by an associated exposure to risk as a result of the conduct of the activity. Large projects may be exposed to risks associated with delays, cost escalations and exchange rate fluctuations etc. In the hospitality industry, risks may arise as a result of investment risks in ventures, risks arising out of the globalisation of tourism, risks associated with requirements to comply with legal and licensing requirements and health as well as safety risks in establishments. Investment risks and the risks arising out of the globalisation of the tourism industry have to be considered at the time of investing in a new venture and these risks are more of long term or strategic risks in nature. Risks that are associated

The Evolution of Trade Unions in the 1870s to 1880s Research Paper

The Evolution of Trade Unions in the 1870s to 1880s - Research Paper Example This period was marked by economic growth, and there were many job opportunities for both skilled workers in the many industries that were being set up. Chicago and Philadelphia were a favorite with the immigrants, and during these times, there was an influx of unskilled workers in the regions hoping to get employment (Reynolds, 2009). However, the economy gains did not extend to the unskilled workers, and this was a rough time as there were no systems to cater to their needs. Laborers were exploited and survived on low wages and poor working conditions (Skurzynski, 2008). Most of them lived in slums and had to work for long hours in dangerous conditions and ended up having miserable lives in the United States. There were many unskilled workers looking for employment, and the industry managers took advantage of the large pool of workers. In the early 1870s, the idea of trade unions was not popular yet. Workers did realize there was a need to join them, but most memberships stayed bel ow one percent of those employed. In this period, there had been no successful trade union and most of them collapsed even before they had made any major improvements. Most of them were known for their extreme antics to gain what they wanted, and they did not have a good status with employers and consumers. Some even went to the extent of crime, violence or even threatening and intimidating workers to join or employers to meet their demands (Skurzynski, 2008). By the end of the 1870s things began to look up. The civil war era was coming to an end, and the American economy was on its way to a revival. With the economy showing signs of recovery, there was hope for trade unionists to pick up the pieces and revive the laborers movement. The environment was conducive, and there was an influx of immigrants seeking employment in America who were willing to join the trade unions. With improved memberships, there were more voices to push their agenda, and this led to political ambitions. Thi s saw the rise of the Workingmen’s party of the United States, which later changed its name to the Socialist Labor party due to its success and popularity among immigrants (Richard, 1998). The late 1870s through to 1880s is the period when trade unions began to thrive. Though it was a period characterized by failing unions due to opportunism and lack of cohesiveness, they found their foothold. By holding peaceful boycotts laborers were able to push for better wages. It was a start that had many obstacles, but it as a dawn of a new era, a progressive era and change was inevitable. Laborers were becoming increasingly aware of their rights and trade unions were their refuge. However, It was a trying time too since most trade unions were not popular. Trade unions in the 1870s and 1880s were mainly craft unions. These are unions where people with similar skills such as carpentry, construction and rail workers came together to form a union. These were representation of workers in a single occupation who found it much easier to demand for better wages as a united front (Skurzynski, 2008). A trade union’s main aim is to ensure fair working conditions for its members. It seeks to address members’ problems by negotiating with employers on their behalf. This was an era of change and widespread awareness that there was the need to come together and put up a strong face to push for

Sea level rise in the Mediterranean Sea and Mallorca Island Essay

Sea level rise in the Mediterranean Sea and Mallorca Island - Essay Example The answers to these questions can be given in a twofold criteria and include the change in the estuarine geodatum caused as a result of the flow of melt water from the glaciated lands across the globe into the sea. Consequently, thermal expansion of the upper layers of the sea water caused by the decrease in water density due to its warming leading to the rise in the sea levels (Szabados, 2002). The occurrences of these situations within the earth’s geographical landscape usually lead to varied rise in the sea levels in some areas and a fall in certain areas. Another cause for the changes in the level of the seawater is the rising or uplifting of the lands close to the sea. This often causes the decline in sea levels in some regions though to a limited extent. Sea level rise is of recent times has resulted in very great concern to the global community as environmental conservation issues is a global phenomenon and is of global concern. According to the statistics taken by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) using the satellite images, the global sea levels have been rising tenderly at an average rate of about 3mm per year from 1993 to 2007 (IPCC, 2007). This report highlights the various effects of the continued rise in sea level within the global context. This report will also look at the changes in the sea level in the Mallorca and the Mediterranean regions of the world, their causes and consequences on the adjacent lands as well as the extent of the influences on the coastal communities around the mentioned areas. Mallorca is a small island in the Mediterranean Sea off the coast of Spain that has been characterized by a number of notable cases of sea level change. Studies by Jeffrey Dorale shows that the sea level was about one meter above the levels that reached 81000 years ago indicating a positive deviation in the in the level of the sea waters. The rise in the levels as he argues is brought about by the rapid melting of ice aroun d the globe. The ice water consequently finds its way into the sea thereby raising the water levels by about one meter for every fifty years (Jieffrey, 2010). The observable results of this rise in the levels of the Mediterranean Sea are seen as a spillover effect in the communities surrounding the sea. Most of the communities that were once living closer to the sea have retreated by about sixty miles away from the coastline as much of the land has been submerged under the seawaters. Moreover, Barnetti (2005) argues that the formally dry lands adjacent to the Mediterranean regions have now been covered under water thereby continuously diminishing the amount of cultivatable lands in these regions and the consequent migration of people out of these areas (Barnetti, 2005). Geography has evolved as a more organized subject of study that uses different methodological approaches in understanding various observed geographical phenomena. On one hand, physical geography adopts a scientific a nd rational approach while on the other hand human geography relies heavily on descriptive techniques in examining the relationship between complex human factors and their influence on geographical environment. The scientific approach has been adopted widely in the study of physical geography based on observation, precise scientific experience and sound precision and measurements of the geographical phenomena. As such, the Mediterranean region has been experiencing constant shifts in its climatic characteristics contributed mostly by the wide variation in the