Body Language Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Body Language - Essay Example Depending on the type of body language incorporated a certain image of you is placed on those around you especially people you have been used to like co-workers, for example, wearing a smiling face in front of co-workers communicates that something good has happened to you and you are about to share a joyous story, while a cruel face will send an opposite signal. However your personality or character as known to the co workers will add a lot to your sign language ,a person who is always a joker might be mistaken since some times seriousness in his face accompanied by a serious comment can be outdone by the previous jokes to the audience. Moreover, the occupation is a very critical consideration in determining the effect of a sign language. For instance, a nurse might say that a patient is recovering verbally but post a sign to his colleague that patient is worsening (Kennedy, 2009). To a patient, body language sends the most effective message and thus one has to be very careful when handling them. While encouraging a patient its important to avoid putting on a worried face since this might make him think that he is worse off. Due to the fact that misinterpretation of body language might affect a patient psychologically, a speaker should avoid any ambiguous sign. While answering questions it’s important to always take time and avoid any emotional reaction that could send a different signal. Understanding their body language helps also effect your communication. In any situation where the patient provides a message verbally that strongly contradicts the body movements mostly the facial expression, its advisable that one should base his response mostly on the body sign. This helps the patient feel cared for and apart from comforting him it would help him open up for better treatment. More than fifty percent of messages in any conversation are sending verbally and thus several signs have

Ge Imagination Breakthrough Essay Example for Free

Ge Imagination Breakthrough Essay Can he hope to change a company whose growth was driven by acquisitions and productivity improvement into an organic growth company dependent on innovation, entrepreneurship and risk taking particularly in such a large complex performance driven corporation? Answer: 2a: Yes, Immelt is relying on ‘technological leadership, commercial excellence and global expansion’ to provide â€Å"unstoppable† opportunities and expand GE’s business base. He wanted to use GE’s size and diversity as sources of strength and to drive growth by investing in places and in ways that others could not easily follow. As a counter effect of 1st Jan 2005 deadline for emission regulations it was predicted that there would be a spike in demand for old products, leaving little market for EVO in 2005. These old models were in ready inventory and with much better discounts. 3c: Continual redefinition of the global EVO product and the failure to make hybrid commercially viable * Initially GE decided to develop EVO country specific during IB meeting but it was not viable because of low requirements. * Recognizing the international constraints the EVO was also developed as a product concept ‘Global Modular Locomotive’. Design developed around set of standard components that could be building to different requirements. * GML also helped GE in reducing the response time in international tender processing, reducing the amount spent in non recurring engineering, and reducing the time between order amp; the sale. * GE was also adaptable to specific international requirements such as Kazakhstan’s condition to transfer the assembly operations to their country. This was a part of GE’s international strategy â€Å"In country, for country†.

The Failures of Affirmative Action :: Argumentative Persuasive Topics

The Failures of Affirmative Action      Ã‚  Ã‚   Once upon a time, there were two people who went to an interview for only one job position at the same company. The first person attended a prestigious and highly academic university, had years of work experience in the field and, in the mind of the employer, had the potential to make a positive impact on the company's performance. The second person was just starting out in the field and seemed to lack the ambition that was visible in his opponent. "Who was chosen for the job?" you ask. Well, if the story took place before 1964, the answer would be obvious. However, with the somewhat recent adoption of the social policy known as affirmative action, the answer becomes unclear.    After the United States Congress passed the Civil Rights Act in 1964, it became apparent that certain business traditions, such as seniority status and aptitude tests, prevented total equality in employment. Then President, Lyndon B. Johnson, decided something needed to be done to remedy these flaws. On September 24, 1965, he issued Executive Order #11246 at Howard University that required federal contractors "to take affirmative action to ensure that applicants are employed . . . without regard to their race, creed, color, or national origin (Civil Rights)." When Lyndon Banes Johnson signed that order, he enacted one of the most discriminating pieces of legislature since the Jim Crow Laws were passed.    Affirmative action was created in an effort to help minorities leap the discriminative barriers that were ever so present when the bill was first enacted, in 1965. At this time, the country was in the wake of nationwide civil-rights demonstrations, and racial tension was at its peak. Most of the corporate executive and managerial positions were occupied by white males, who controlled the hiring and firing of employees. The U.S. government, in 1965, believed that these employers were discriminating against minorities and believed that there was no better time than the present to bring about change.    When the Civil Rights Law passed, minorities, especially African-Americans, believed that they should receive retribution for the years of discrimination they endured. The government responded by passing laws to aide them in attaining better employment as reprieve for the previous two hundred years of suffering their race endured at the hands of the white man. To many, this made sense.

Hamlets Sanity Essay -- Shakespeare Hamlet

Hamlet's Sanity Throughout Shakespeare?s play, Hamlet, the main character, young Hamlet, is faced with the responsibility of attaining vengeance for his father?s murder. He decides to feign madness as part of his plan to gain the opportunity to kill Claudius. As the play progresses, his depiction of a madman becomes increasingly believable, and the characters around him react accordingly. However, through his inner thoughts and the apparent reasons for his actions, it is clear that he is not really mad and is simply an actor simulating insanity in order to fulfill his duty to his father. Hamlet only claims madness because it allows him to say and perform actions he otherwise would be prohibited from, while keeping people from taking his actions seriously. This seems to be part of his initial plan that is first mentioned when he asks Horatio and Marcellus not to make any remarks in relation to his ?antic disposition (1.5.192).? Hamlet?s madness allows him to talk to Claudius, Gertrude, Ophelia, and Polonius in a manner unsuitable for a prince. He is often disrespectful and insulting in his remarks. Although his acting backfires during his speech to Gertrude, Hamlet is able to severely criticize her for her actions because she thinks he is insane. During the play he also makes many sexual innuendos and even blatantly sexual remarks towards Ophelia such as ?That?s a fair thought to lie between maids? legs (3.2.125).? His convincing insanity act gives him the chance to vent his anger towards Ophelia for her abandonment. Similarly, in another scene, he is able to tell Polonius his true feelings through his guise. Upon Polonius deciding to ?take leave? of Hamlet, Hamlet replies, ?You cannot, take from me anything that I will more willingly part withal (2.2.233).? Furthermore, Hamlet uses his madness as almost an excuse, and definitely part of his apology, towards Laertes for his murdering of Polonious. Would a madman be able realize he was mad and call his actions uncontrollable? Were it not for his ?madness? he would have been reprimanded rather than feared, pitied, or ignored. Hamlet?s madness redirects attention away from what he is thinking about his father?s death, and puts it on why he has gone insane. This allows only himself to know what he is truly thinking, does not require him to answer any questions as to why he might be acting strange, a... ...th him in case he is biased. A madman would not have had the foresight, reason, or possibly even care, to think in this very organized fashion. Even when questioning whether ?to be or not to be (3.1.64)? Hamlet is sane in his thinking. He measures the ?pros and cons? of his situation, and although at this point he appears mad to most everyone, he is most definitely sane in thought. Hamlet can be considered no worse than an eccentric, determined, and possibly single-minded man, who was made so by his father?s murder and his request for revenge. His feigned madness is maintained because it allows him to continue with his plans. This madness is not, however, sustained when guard is unnecessary. Maybe Hamlet thought too much, but he thought as a sane man would. He commits no actions without reason, and he is far too astute and organized to be proclaimed mentally unstable. Hamlet?s portrayal of a madman is also very complex because it allows not only his points to be made, but in a believably insane way, which contrasts greatly with the expected ramblings of a truly insane person. Bibliography: Shakespeare, William. Hamlet. Ed. Cyrus Hoy. 2nd ed. New York: Norton, 1992.

Gilgamesh and Odyssey Essay

Gilgamesh is an ancient poem that significantly marked its name as somehow being the first major heroic narrative in the world literature. Fractions of this literature were discovered uniquely carved in tablets even before the Roman, Hebrew and Greek civilization appeared. Gilgamesh depicts a unique and propinquity story of Gilgamesh and his companion Enkidu that transcribed a complex and moving gist of bonds of friendship, of the pursuit for prominence and of the enduring and timeless attempt to escape death, of which considered to be the common fate of humankind. On the other hand, Odyssey, an epic story by Homer, is concerned on the idyllic events proceeded after a war and mainly on the significant return of the heroes who survived the war. The main subject of this written epic work somehow focus on the enduring, drawn-out return of one of the heroes named Odysseus of Ithaca, whose fate is to amble in unknown seas for ten years before he returned to his rocky kingdom. This paper will provide detailed and comprehensive comparison between the two main characters from both epics Gilgamesh and Odyssey. Motivation, goals, self-control, pride, outside influences, behaviors and personal and social relationships will serve as points of comparison being grasped in this paper. Motivation and Goals Gilgamesh, as described in the transcription, was provided with bizarre and astonishing strength, courage, and beauty by his divine and great creator. He is portrayed to be more of a god than a man. These characteristics of him profoundly surpass all circumstances all throughout his journey, a journey that significantly paved the greatest aspiration that probably mankind would have wanted – how to escape the universal fate of the human race. Simply, Gilgamesh wanted to run away from death and have eternal life. One of the tablets inscribed the mere dialogue between Gilgamesh and Utanapishtim (The Distant One). Utanapishtim is descriptively the wisest man who ever lived. Gilgamesh’s search for eternal life led him to ask Utanapishtim the greatest question, how to escape the universal fate of mankind? On a tablet transcribing such meeting, Gilgamesh apparently questions Utanapishtim of how did the latter join the ranks of the gods and find eternal life, though Gilgamesh described him not different; physically indifferent and yet his eart drained of battle spirit. And as response to the wondering question of Gilgamesh, Utanapishtim told him the â€Å"story of the flood†. Utanapishtim profoundly stated that he was commanded to build a boat to save everyone from the wrath of a devastating flood made by a god named Enlil, the chief god living on earth to wipe out human race. This story somehow illustrates events similar to the biblical script â€Å"Noah’s Ark†. The punishment to human race by Enlil gave Utanapishtim the opportunity to have eternal life. Gilgamesh’s greatest achievement though was bringing back to the human race this untold and unknown story. Gilgamesh, by some means, got hold of a plant that can likely grant rebirth to those who eats it, but unfortunately, a serpent stole it from him. With greater wisdom, Gilgamesh returned to Uruk knowing that only the gods are immortal. The goal of seeking immortality is what made both Gilgamesh and Odysseus, from Homer’s epic Odyssey, distinct and divergent with each other. Unlike Gilgamesh, whose goal is to seek and find answers on how to become immortal, Odysseus’s goal, on the hand, is merely the fact that he wants to find his way back home after a long and bloody war. During his voyage towards home, several temptations tested his mental qualities and physical endurance. Circe offered him the Lotus flower that endows forgetfulness of home and family. The greatest temptation however is offered by the goddess Calypso, whom he spent his seven years with – immortality. Instead of accepting such promising offer of immortality, he somehow denied such and still chooses the human conditions in spite of struggles, difficulties, disappointments and even its foreseeable death. Odysseus’s motivational force that drives his willingness to go back home is his wife, Penelope. Self-control Gilgamesh was first described as a king without self-control, rash and violent. People of Uruk, his kingdom, often complained about his absence of self-control towards oppressiveness to the Sumerian gods. Due to this aggressiveness, the gods created Enkidu as counterweight to Gilgamesh. But surprisingly, both Gilgamesh and Enkidu became best of friends; they fought together in every battles and wars, and found in each other the true companion they both sought. In an event where both took an adventure to seek universal fame and immortality pictures out the harsh and uncontrollable oppression to the gods overwhelmingly end the curtain to Enkidu. Enkidu’s death and his continuous and sole journey to seek immortality cause personal transformation. This change and transformation broaden his perception towards greater acceptance and recognition of reality and man’s mortality. On the other hand, Odysseus has extreme sense of self-control. Within the epic story, his remarkable self-control was described and admired. Again, during his adventures on the voyage home, his mental abilities and his physical endurance were tested. Instances occurred that tempted him to descend from his struggle towards home. A Lotus flower is said to suggest forgetfulness of home and family. Circe, goddess of magic, offered a pleasant life in the island of Lotus eaters. In the Phaeacia, he once offered the love and marriage of a young princess. Calypso is an immortal goddess whom Odysseus spent his life with for seven years offered the most significant and most tempting proposal, which probably all of mankind cannot resist. Calypso offered eternal life for Odysseus that will make him immortal. But all of these temptations were single-handedly denied by Odysseus as he preferred more to be mortal and be human amidst varied struggles, disappointments and the predictable end called death. Self-control might be a struggle for every man, but if every man has the drive to hold on to their will and embrace limitation, it will never be too late or too impossible to resist and deny any temptations. Pride The story of Gilgamesh started out as depiction of his arrogance of power. Because of his extraordinary capabilities endowed to him by his divine creator, his egotism of power endangered the relationship between mankind and the Summerian gods. To end Gilgamesh’s arrogance and injustices, gods then created Enkidu. His arrogance and pride concerning his power and unusual capabilities were continuously tested all throughout their journey in quest of rejuvenation of life and immortality. But then again, as mentioned earlier the previous section, after Enkidu’s death changed his perception not only towards man’s mortality but also the perception of one-self. One of the most significant limitations that Odysseus possesses is his pride which Odysseus had much. Part of the story somehow depicted Odysseus’s pride, particularly on the Cyclops’ island. When Odysseus and his men escaped safely from the island, Odysseus surprisingly brags and boasts about his exploit. Cyclops heard him and tossed huge rocks into the ship and some almost sing the ship. Effect of circumstances surrounding the character There are several external influences that bounds and affects the transformation of the once-known arrogant and violent king of Uruk. Due to the egoistic personality of Gilgamesh, it resulted to the discontentment and complaints from his people in which Summerian God interfered. The effect of these external events somehow paved a new path towards the overall impacts of Gilgamesh’s journey that led to his transformation from an arrogant king to a more unselfish and wisdom-filled individual. Another circumstance that greatly affected the character is the death of his supposed and destined enemy, Enkidu. Enkidu was a god-like mortal created by the gods intended to end Gilgamesh’s injustices and arrogance. Both somehow became friends and found a true and deep bond of friendship with each other. Death of his friend allowed him to solely seek answers for mankind’s immortality, which led him to his astonishment that there should no more battle to be fought and needs answers not surpassing violent circumstances. His continuous journey to seek answer guided him to Unatapishtim, the Divine One who could answer Gilgamesh’s wonderings, and which that this Divine One is blessed with immortality and abundance from the gods. Their conversation drew in new and significant events of the Divine One that gave him unending mortality. This occurrence surprisingly influenced and changed Gilgamesh’s perception on man’s mortality and broadens his acceptance to reality. Odysseus’s journey back home from the Trojan War somehow had endowed circumstances that might affect his own beliefs and characteristics. For example, when tempted by different immortal goddesses, most especially on the offering by Calypso to have everlasting and unending existence, he still grasps tightly to his humanity and instead chose to be human than immortal. His faith and dedication somehow proved that every obstacles and disappointments can be surpassed if he is optimistic enough to exceed and outdo every ounce of it. Behaviors In the beginning of the story, Gilgamesh’s subservient behavior is steered by his own self-contentment and self-sufficiency. Arrogant, violent, harsh, and no self-control are self-seeking behaviors and characteristics being affixed to the king, in which all these opened doors to discontentment and dissatisfaction from people. Gilgamesh’s behavior guided him to destruction. This ego-centric manner blinded Gilgamesh from reality that his conscious tried to make him see. For an instance, Gilgamesh tried to strike down on Ishtar during their second adventure to Cedar Forest with Enkidu. Ishtar cannot handle Gilgamesh’s harsh rejection and provoked to send the Bull of Heaven against the people of Uruk. Although they succeeded, it brought terrible damage to his kingdom and brought about the painful death of Enkidu. Unlike Gilgamesh, who is depicted as ego-centric individual, Odysseus has the contrast of this characteristic. Odysseus is optimistic and altruistic as he struggles not only for his own survival during the war, but also for his shipmate’s personal survival. Odysseus is described having versatility which either way compliments his physical strength and courage in battle, skills he showed during the war at Troy. These behaviors somehow resulted from his eagerness to return home to his wife and from his perseverance to preserve and finish the heroic reputation and dignity that he won in war at Troy. The same scene that illustrated Odysseus pride also depicts his care and being concerned to his fellow shipmates. After Cyclops threw boulders to the ship, Odysseus hastily gave his identity to Cyclops and the latter called Poseidon, his father, to punish Odysseus who brought harm to him. That incident hurt Odysseus more than losing his fellow men. This showed Odysseus’s heed towards his fellow shipmen. Personal and Social Relationships The Gilgamesh poem depicted not only ancient Mesopotamian myths and legends, but also endowed diverse and complex relationships and dealings between people involved in the epic story, particularly the main character, Gilgamesh. Gilgamesh’s relationship towards his people as a king is somehow in deep and shaky condition. There have been misunderstandings and lack of sense of unity between the king and its people that hindering a kingdom to flourish due to Gilgamesh’s disturbing and arrogant means of ruling Uruk. Another unstable relationship is with Gilgamesh and the Summerian gods. Gilgamesh tends to oppress the gods which led to the creation of Enkidu. Although Enkidu was created as a counterweight of Gilgamesh, unpredictably, both became friends. Relationship between the king and the supposed enemy is probably the most light and happy relationship made by Gilgamesh. They think of each other as brothers and a true companion in which their common journey indeed deepened their brotherly bond and friendship. There are also different relationship built all throughout the story between Odysseus and other characters in the epic. Again, he built a strong and deep bond and camaraderie with his fellow men. He even risked himself just to keep other from falling in the hands of Cyclops. Odysseus somehow has heart of gold for those who treasure him and appreciate him from his doings. His relationship with his wife, Penelope, also is as strong and sturdy as a diamond which no one can break even through rough and long times of being away from each other. To show his commitment and love to his wife, he even tricks his wife’s suitors and disguised himself as beggar.

Using Significant Figures and Scientific Notation

Using Significant Figures and Scientific Notation When making a measurement, a scientist can only reach a certain level of precision, limited either by the tools being used or the physical nature of the situation. The most obvious example is measuring distance. Consider what happens when measuring the distance an object moved using a tape measure (in metric units). The tape measure is likely broken down into the smallest units of millimeters. Therefore, theres no way that you can measure with a precision greater than a millimeter. If the object moves 57.215493 millimeters, therefore, we can only tell for sure that it moved 57 millimeters (or 5.7 centimeters or 0.057 meters, depending on the preference in that situation). In general, this level of rounding is fine. Getting the precise movement of a normal-sized object down to a millimeter would be a pretty impressive achievement, actually. Imagine trying to measure the motion of a car to the millimeter, and youll see that,  in general, this isnt necessary. In the cases where such precision is necessary, youll be using tools that are much more sophisticated than a tape measure. The number of meaningful numbers in a measurement is called the number of significant figures of the number. In the earlier example, the 57-millimeter answer would provide us with 2 significant figures in our measurement. Zeroes and Significant Figures Consider the number 5,200. Unless told otherwise, it is generally the common practice to assume that only the two non-zero digits are significant. In other words, it is assumed that this number was rounded  to the nearest hundred. However, if the number is written as 5,200.0, then it would have five significant figures. The decimal point and following zero is only added if the measurement is precise to that level. Similarly, the number 2.30 would have three significant figures, because the zero at the end is an indication that the scientist doing the measurement did so at that level of precision. Some textbooks have also introduced the convention that a decimal point at the end of a whole number indicates significant figures as well. So 800. would have three significant figures while 800 has only one significant figure. Again, this is somewhat variable depending on the textbook. Following are some examples of different numbers of significant figures, to help solidify the concept: One significant figure49000.00002Two significant figures3.70.005968,0005.0Three significant figures9.640.0036099,9008.00900. (in some textbooks) Mathematics With Significant Figures Scientific figures provide some different rules for mathematics than what you are introduced to in your mathematics class. The key in using significant figures is to be sure that you are maintaining the same level of precision throughout the calculation. In mathematics, you keep all of the numbers from your result, while in scientific work you frequently round based on the significant figures involved. When adding or subtracting scientific data, it is only last digit (the digit the furthest to the right) which matters. For example, lets assume that were adding three different distances: 5.324 6.8459834 3.1 The first term in the addition problem has four significant figures, the second has eight, and the third has only two. The precision, in this case, is determined by the shortest decimal point. So you will perform your calculation, but instead of 15.2699834 the result will be 15.3, because you will round to the tenths place (the first place after the decimal point), because while two of your measurements are more precise the third cant tell you anything more than the tenths place, so the result of this addition problem can only be that precise as well. Note that your final answer, in this case, has three significant figures, while none of your starting numbers did. This can be very confusing to beginners, and its important to pay attention to that property of addition and subtraction. When multiplying or dividing scientific data, on the other hand, the number of significant figures do matter. Multiplying significant figures will always result in a solution that has the same significant figures as the smallest significant figures you started with. So, on to the example: 5.638 x 3.1 The first factor has four significant figures and the second factor has two significant figures. Your solution will, therefore, end up with two significant figures. In this case, it will be 17 instead of 17.4778. You perform the calculation then round your solution to the correct number of significant figures. The extra precision in the multiplication wont hurt, you just dont want to give a false level of precision in your final solution. Using Scientific Notation Physics deals with realms of space from the size of less than a proton to the size of the universe. As such, you end up dealing with some very large and very small numbers. Generally, only the first few of these numbers are significant. No one is going to (or able to) measure the width of the universe to the nearest millimeter. Note This portion of the article deals with manipulating exponential numbers (i.e. 105, 10-8, etc.) and it is assumed that the reader has a grasp of these mathematical concepts. Though the topic can be tricky for many students, it is beyond the scope of this article to address. In order to manipulate these numbers easily, scientists use  scientific notation. The significant figures are listed, then multiplied by ten to the necessary power. The speed of light is written as: [blackquote shadeno]2.997925 x 108  m/s There are 7 significant figures and this is much better than writing 299,792,500 m/s. Note The speed of light is frequently written as 3.00 x 108  m/s, in which case there are only three significant figures. Again, this is a matter of what level of precision is necessary. This notation is very handy for multiplication. You follow the rules described earlier for multiplying the significant numbers, keeping the smallest number of significant figures, and then you multiply the magnitudes, which follows the additive rule of exponents. The following example should help you visualize it: 2.3 x 103  x 3.19 x 104   7.3 x 107 The product has only two significant figures and the order of magnitude is 107  because 103  x 104   107 Adding scientific notation can be very easy or very tricky, depending on the situation. If the terms are of the same order of magnitude (i.e. 4.3005 x 105  and 13.5 x 105), then you follow the addition rules discussed earlier, keeping the highest place value as your rounding location and keeping the magnitude the same, as in the following example: 4.3005 x 105   13.5 x 105   17.8 x 105 If the order of magnitude is different, however, you have to work a bit to get the magnitudes the same, as in the following example, where one term is on the magnitude of 105  and the other term is on the magnitude of 106: 4.8 x 105   9.2 x 106   4.8 x 105   92 x 105   97 x 105or4.8 x 105   9.2 x 106   0.48 x 106   9.2 x 106   9.7 x 106 Both of these solutions are the same, resulting in 9,700,000 as the answer. Similarly, very small numbers are frequently written in scientific notation as well, though with a negative exponent on the magnitude instead of the positive exponent. The mass of an electron is: 9.10939 x 10-31  kg This would be a zero, followed by a decimal point, followed by 30  zeroes, then the series of 6 significant figures. No one wants to write that out, so scientific notation is our friend. All the rules outlined above are the same, regardless of whether the exponent is positive or negative. The Limits of Significant Figures Significant figures are a basic means that scientists use to provide a measure of precision to the numbers they are using. The rounding process involved still introduces a measure of error into the numbers, however, and in very high-level computations there are other statistical methods that get used. For virtually all of the physics that will be done in the high school and college-level classrooms, however, correct use of significant figures will be sufficient to maintain the required level of precision. Final Comments Significant figures can be a significant stumbling block when first introduced to  students because it alters some of the basic mathematical rules that they have been taught for years. With significant figures, 4 x 12 50, for example. Similarly, the introduction of scientific notation to students who may not be fully comfortable with exponents or exponential rules can also create problems. Keep in mind that these are tools which everyone who studies science had to learn at some point, and the rules are actually very basic. The trouble is almost entirely remembering which rule is applied at which time. When do I add exponents and when do I subtract them? When do I move the decimal point to the left and when to the right? If you keep practicing these tasks, youll get better at them until they become second nature. Finally, maintaining proper units can be tricky. Remember that you cant directly add centimeters and meters, for example, but must first convert them into the same scale. This is a common mistake for beginners but, like the rest, it is something that can very easily be overcome by slowing down, being careful, and thinking about what youre doing.

Free Essays on HP And Snapfish

Critical Thinking Hewlett Packard & Snapfish Summary Hewlett Packard has announced on Monday, March 21, 2005, that it is acquiring Snapfish, an Internet photo one stop shop. There is a large growing market of online photo service and management, and Hewlett Packard has decided to penetrate the demand for such a service. Many might think that obtaining an online picture printing company would be contradictory for Hewlett Packard because they do manufacture traditional picture printers. However, the difference between Hewlett Packard and Snapfish is that HP produces conventional picture printers and ink, while Snapfish handles contemporary online photo storage, photo editing, and photo products. There are also different price schematics and options available for consumers now with the combination of these two great companies, which definitely may have a positive impact on everyone. Chapter 2: Strategies and Gaining Competitive Advantage The acquisition is certainly a great strategic move especially after the acquisition of Flickr Inc. by Yahoo. Yahoo also wanted to extend their territory and infiltrate the online picture service with Flickr, but I personally believe the Snapfish acquisition is going to be much more effective. Hewlett Packard will achieve a strategic advantage at this point due to the fact that no other company has even attempted to take the online picture market global. Yahoo’s acquisition of Flickr will definitely not expand completely global as of yet, therefore Hewlett Packard has a leading edge. The idea of globalizing the online picture service market, giving consumers more choices based on mood and convenience, providing a spectrum of prices, and offering different services will also certainly give Hewlett Packard a competitive advantage. There are eight basic ideas that can be used to achieve a competitive advantage; reducing costs, raising barriers to market entrants, establishin g high switchi... Free Essays on HP And Snapfish Free Essays on HP And Snapfish Critical Thinking Hewlett Packard & Snapfish Summary Hewlett Packard has announced on Monday, March 21, 2005, that it is acquiring Snapfish, an Internet photo one stop shop. There is a large growing market of online photo service and management, and Hewlett Packard has decided to penetrate the demand for such a service. Many might think that obtaining an online picture printing company would be contradictory for Hewlett Packard because they do manufacture traditional picture printers. However, the difference between Hewlett Packard and Snapfish is that HP produces conventional picture printers and ink, while Snapfish handles contemporary online photo storage, photo editing, and photo products. There are also different price schematics and options available for consumers now with the combination of these two great companies, which definitely may have a positive impact on everyone. Chapter 2: Strategies and Gaining Competitive Advantage The acquisition is certainly a great strategic move especially after the acquisition of Flickr Inc. by Yahoo. Yahoo also wanted to extend their territory and infiltrate the online picture service with Flickr, but I personally believe the Snapfish acquisition is going to be much more effective. Hewlett Packard will achieve a strategic advantage at this point due to the fact that no other company has even attempted to take the online picture market global. Yahoo’s acquisition of Flickr will definitely not expand completely global as of yet, therefore Hewlett Packard has a leading edge. The idea of globalizing the online picture service market, giving consumers more choices based on mood and convenience, providing a spectrum of prices, and offering different services will also certainly give Hewlett Packard a competitive advantage. There are eight basic ideas that can be used to achieve a competitive advantage; reducing costs, raising barriers to market entrants, establishin g high switchi...

All About Si, the French Adverb or Conjunction

All About Si, the French Adverb or Conjunction The French word si can be an adverb or a conjunction. Either way, si has several meanings and is used in numerous French constructions. Practicing the use of this word is important for grasping its nuances. Si If Si is the French word for if: Je ne sais pas si je veux y aller. (I dont know if I want to go.)Dis-moi si à §a te conviendra. (Tell me if that will work for you.)Et si je ne suis pas fatiguà ©? (And if Im not tired?)Si jà ©tais riche, jachà ¨terais une maison. (If I were rich, I would buy a house.) Si So Si can be used as an intensifier: Je suis si fatiguà ©. (Im so tired.)Jai si faim. (Im so hungry.)Je ne savais pas quil à ©tait si mignon. (I didnt know he was so cute.) Si As, So Si can make a comparison: Il nest pas si intelligent quil pense. (Hes not as smart as he thinks.)Ce nest pas si facile. (Its not as easy as that, Its not that easy.) Si While, Whereas Si can put two clauses in opposition: Sil est beau, sa femme est laide. (Whereas he is handsome, his wife is ugly.)Si tu es gentil, ton frà ¨re est mà ©chant. (Youre kind, while your brother is mean.) Si However, No Matter How Si can be followed by a subjunctive clause to express a concession: Si beau quil fasse, je ne peux pas sortir (No matter how nice the weather is, I cant go out)Si gentil que tu sois, je ne taime pas (However kind you are, I dont love you) Si Yes Si means yes in response to a negative question or statement: Tu ne vas pas venir? Si, je vais venir. (Youre not going to come? Yes, I am going to come.)Nas-tu pas dargent? Si, jen ai. (Dont you have any money? Yes, I do.)Jeanne nest pas prà ªte. Si, si! (Jeanne isnt ready. Yes, yes!) Si Did I Hear Correctly, Is This What Youre Asking? If someone asks a question and youre not sure (or cant believe) you heard correctly, you can request confirmation or clarification by repeating what you did hear with the word si:Si jai faim?(Are you asking) if Im hungry?(You couldnt really hear the question)Si je veux quoi?Youre asking if I want what?(Youre not sure you heard correctly; you heard Do you want a free TV?)Si jai combien denfants?Youre asking if I have how many kids?(You didnt hear how many, or you heard Do you have 7 kids?) Et Si What if, How About In informal French, et si is often tacked on the beginning of a suggestion (with the verb in the imperfect): Et si on allait au cinà ©? (How about going to the movies?)Et si tu amenais ton frà ¨re? (Why dont you bring your brother?)Et si on parlait damour? (What if we talked about love?)

Personal Environmental History Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Personal Environmental History - Essay Example As I moved into my early teenage years, despite becoming further educated about the nature of pollution and environmental degradation, I became complacent in my relation to the earth such that it became even more estranged to my existence. During this period my friends and I would regularly litter and act with little disregard for nature. These actions were perhaps youthful arrogance personified. It was a general understanding of life and nature that it was plentiful and without end. As I matured I began to have and look back on the experiences I had with nature. As a child growing up my family and I would often go on camping trips where we would venture in the woods, set up a campsite, and enjoy the natural surroundings. I remember venturing down to the lake with my brother and attaching crickets to our fishing line and bringing in fish. As I grew older I remember visiting the Appalachian Trail and spending an entire weekend hiking a significant segment, and camping in the woods. I appreciated the meditative aspects that nature provided. The means of nature as a retreat from the development of the industrialized world and all its social problems, and nature’s ability to provide this respite. I read books such as Thoreau’s Walden and began to appreciate nature not as a stranger, but as a close friend.

English Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

English - Essay Example So, for the progress of countries, it becomes necessary to promote English in academic sphere on a wider level. The Journal ‘Language loss, Identity, and English as an International Language’ has been chosen to support the argument that the attitude of people towards English language greatly depend on its socio-economical importance in different fields of life. This is also expressed that the language of a set of people certainly acts as an upholder of their identity and the arrival of English as a major foreign language can endanger the purity of national language because of its flexible nature to become a part of it. Originally, English was spoken as a local language by a set of people living on an island off the western coast of Europe. It had no established identity and it was just one among many languages. Now, the English language has emerged as the most prominent and prestigious language with all its flexibility of accepting great changes with the passage of time. Now English has a great variety in itself because of its exposure to different communities (Seargeant, P., 2012). On an individual level, the value of language is perceived according to the specific context in which the person is using the language as Seargeant describes the personal experience of a man who originally got his education in both Farsi and English in Iran and later moved to Liverpool University for Structural Engineering. When he returned to his homeland, he was more fluent in English and it was hard for him to speak much Farsi and realized that many of the technical terms were not translated in Farsi and were being used in English. . This carries the impact of English as the language for higher and technical studies. Another example, he quotes, of a woman who moved from South of England to the North and her accent was considered as a token of her socio-economical identity which she never thought of and was considered as a role model for her accent and taught English to many students. (Seargeant, P., 2012). So everybody has different experience regarding language and as a result it brings forth a unique value of language and shapes a different attitude towards it. The people who move from one place to another, their language practice get influenced by the new environments they live in. It is also noteworthy that English language does not remain only a mean of communication rather it brings an acknowledgement of how you saw yourself and how other people perceive you (U214, DVD 1, Clip 1.3, Language histories). On a wider level, the history of a country develops a collective attitude towards a language depending on benefits that the practice of language brings. English being an international language tends to bring promising economical future so, for approaching the higher education internationally and opening ways to job opportunities the government and private institutes of many countries introduce English as a medium of their education (Seargea nt, P., 2012). The English language encountered a variety of general attitudes in China. Bolton writes in ‘Chinese Englishes: A Sociolinguistic History’ that after the establishment of Republic, in 1949, the whole setup of the country was subjected to a great deal of changes and English was introduced in schools as a major foreign language. Soon after

World War I's Technological innovations and its impact on modern Essay

World War I's Technological innovations and its impact on modern warfare - Essay Example Nationalism among European countries combined with growing tension and rivalries due to industrialization has led military buildups throughout the continent. Nations became aware of their neighboring nations and in response to this tension, England, France, and Russia formed an alliance which they called "Triple Entente". This alliance was aligned in preparation against Germany who allied with Austria-Hungary. Such alliances divided Europe with strict guarded borders thus the onset of an impending World War became virtually impossible to avoid. The beginning of war in Europe started when in 1914, Archduke Franz Ferdinand, heir of the throne of Austria-Hungary was assassinated. Serbia was suspected to be behind the killing. Austria-Hungary attacked Serbia but it was protected by its ally, Russia. Then Germany came to the rescue for the Austrian because they were the ally of Austrian-Hungary. Militaries from different countries came to the rescue for their respective allies and the conflict grew out of scale. In more than a month, Europe and its neighboring countries were engulfed in war. But the militaries of different nations were not perplexed. This is because each of them has their own weaponries and technology to defend themselves. British Admiral Jacky Fisher wrote in 1915 that, "The war is going to be won by inventions." Weapons never been seen before such as tanks, the zeppelin, poison gas, the airplane, the submarine, and the machine gun has nevertheless fired their way through. World War I suddenly drew upon electrical technologies that had been under development for decades. Radio has become essential for communications and its transmission of voice was developed rather than codes. Electricity also contributed on the advancement of war. Battleships or tanks, for example, did had electric signaling lamps, helm indicator, fire alarms, remote control for bulkhead doors and controlled whistles which all uses electricity. Guns and turrets and raised gun magazine ammunitions also uses electricity. Incandescent and carbon-arc searchlights became usable during nighttime navigation, long-range daytime and nighttime signaling illuminates enemy ships during night engagements. Some of the most technological advances World War I has innovated and created were meant for attack and defense. These were the following: Weapons of War: Submarines. Although they had been around for decades, submarines became powerful weapons and became potential threat to any ship that sailed in deep waters. Their torpedoes can sink any ship that would invade territorial waters and these ships have become every nation's weapons in the waters. But the use of submarines was without restrictions that in May 1915 German submarine torpedoed Lusitania, a non-combatant U.S. ship killing 1,195 people on board. From then on, allied ships and submarines were outfitted with sensitive microphones that could detect engine noise from enemy submarines and ships. They developed sonar, but its development came nearly during the end of war (Museum). Aeroplanes. Ten years before the eruption of World War I, the Wright brothers have just made a second flight of their first

Proposal Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 5

Proposal - Essay Example But, these people will be able to fulfil this role if they have the requisite knowledge about the diet principles and the requirements of nutrients. The healthy diet includes solid as well as liquid food items. In order to compete with European and American teams the Saudi footballers will have to make good use of healthy food items. While carrying out a study for Business Insights, Siddika Jaffer (2008), find that the overall market for sports and energy drinks has seen immense growth in the European and US markets and this growth is expected to continue at a rate of about 5 percent till 2011. The study points out that the during the period 2001-06, the Spanish market for sports and energy drinks has witnessed the highest percentage of growth pegged at more than 13 percent. Nutrients help in sustaining the long term needs of training and short-term needs of competition (Hassapidou et al, 2003). It is believed that formal training with proper dietary intervention leads to a number of advantages in enhancing the performance of an athlete in aspects like physical performance, better protection against injuries, maintaining a stable stamina, and proper muscular growth. Therefore having updated information regarding the dietary principles suitable for sportspersons provides an edge to the coach. This study is an effort to analyse the knowledge level amongst the football players and the coaches in Saudi Arabia in general. Literature review not only helps in going through the findings and conclusions of earlier researchers, it also helps in shaping a direction for the present research activity as well, because the researcher tends to get fair idea about the areas requiring particular focus. In this case also we are bound to come across a number of research papers about the necessity and usage of rich energy diets for sportspersons in general. It will our endeavour to go through some

Corporate Investment Banking Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Corporate Investment Banking - Essay Example The bank boasts of over 48 million customers in over 50 countries worldwide and the total asset portfolio is well over 2 trillion dollars making it the seventh largest bank in the world based on assets (Barclays, 2015). The bank has a rich history with its fundamental origin being traced back to 1690 a factor that makes it one of the leading financial institutions in the world (Barclays, 2015). The company’s mission statement is to help people achieve their ambitions in the right way and measure and reward the company’s employees not only on commercial results but on how they pursue the company’s values in their daily activities. The company looks to be a global power in terms of the financial services and products delivery to all its customers. The company announced a profit before tax of  £2,885m in 2014 that was a 29% increase from 2013 when it recorded  £2,233m (Barclays, 2015). The total income increased by 1% to  £8828M from the previous year. The com pany has been witnessing steady growth and is looking to diversify the different aspects of the company in different parts of the world to increase their level of income and sales. The bank attributes its success and extraordinary growth in the global market to the significant innovative strategies that the company has implemented over the years (Barclays, 2015).The company changed its organizational structure to offer better services and products to its customers in the different parts of the world. The cost of maintaining the previous structure were also considerably high and it adapted to a new structure that the company felt was sustainable and most of all good at service delivery.  

Proposal Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 5

Proposal - Essay Example But, these people will be able to fulfil this role if they have the requisite knowledge about the diet principles and the requirements of nutrients. The healthy diet includes solid as well as liquid food items. In order to compete with European and American teams the Saudi footballers will have to make good use of healthy food items. While carrying out a study for Business Insights, Siddika Jaffer (2008), find that the overall market for sports and energy drinks has seen immense growth in the European and US markets and this growth is expected to continue at a rate of about 5 percent till 2011. The study points out that the during the period 2001-06, the Spanish market for sports and energy drinks has witnessed the highest percentage of growth pegged at more than 13 percent. Nutrients help in sustaining the long term needs of training and short-term needs of competition (Hassapidou et al, 2003). It is believed that formal training with proper dietary intervention leads to a number of advantages in enhancing the performance of an athlete in aspects like physical performance, better protection against injuries, maintaining a stable stamina, and proper muscular growth. Therefore having updated information regarding the dietary principles suitable for sportspersons provides an edge to the coach. This study is an effort to analyse the knowledge level amongst the football players and the coaches in Saudi Arabia in general. Literature review not only helps in going through the findings and conclusions of earlier researchers, it also helps in shaping a direction for the present research activity as well, because the researcher tends to get fair idea about the areas requiring particular focus. In this case also we are bound to come across a number of research papers about the necessity and usage of rich energy diets for sportspersons in general. It will our endeavour to go through some

Threshold Selection Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Threshold Selection - Case Study Example This essay discusses that there are many positive as well as negative responses to the various approaches that are followed by the human resource management while selection of the candidates for any job opening and the changes that the candidates that are selected in such a way bring about in the organization; these will be analyzed in this paper to assess how they influence the organization. With the launch of the UK’s 2010 Equality Act, that provided the opportunity for the human resource management to shift towards more progressive approach and selection on the basis of social group characteristics that included gender, ethnicity/race, disability, age, religion and sexual orientation. There was a large amount of hostile response towards this act. It was declared to be positive discrimination by stealth. Though discrimination usually means unfair, but selecting a candidate for a job on the basis of a set of characteristics is not only necessary but also a general practice. E very candidate has to be selected with respect to the job requirements as well as the needs of the organization. This article has provided a comparison of a variety of HR policies that are in place for the selection of suitable candidates for a job opportunity. There are a number of characteristics that are kept in mind while hiring the new staff for an organization. Such criteria and selection procedures often raise the concerns regarding unfair discrimination while the candidates are being interviewed., if not carefully monitored and responded to, these concerns can lead to legal issues not only for the organization but it can also effect the HR policies as a whole. For these reasons the governments launch general HR policies so that the points raised by the critics can be properly responded to. As mentioned in the article, various criticisms have been raised regarding the gender discrimination as there are various jobs that are not meant to be for the female staff. Or selection o f the candidates with respect to the political favors, one can avail by appointing politically favorable employees. Such discriminations are clearly discussed in the article and the response that such unfair differentiation gets by the commentators and the legalities that one organization might have to face as a result of the validation of such criticisms it can cost the organization a lot and it can also adversely influence the profession of human resource management. Thus the article suggests that acquiring the threshold selection model will be helpful and suitable to the organizations, their management and the candidates in general. Section Two: Summary of the research methods and findings This article has researched on the various selection policies and standards that are set by the general human resource ma

Gender Differences in Advertisements Essay Example for Free

Gender Differences in Advertisements Essay It has been evident for the past decades that advertisers still use stereotyped images of men and women in their advertisements. This can say that the pursuit for equality is still not grasped by the society. The images we see in magazines, in televisions, in billboards portray a very old perception of gender, especially the inferiority and submissive nature of women, with their bodies used as mere sexual objects, if not, still used as household caretakers. Women are also deemed to be beautiful if they have slim bodies, fair complexion and long shiny hair. Men, on the other hand, are portrayed to be strong, dominant and successful in their careers. For this essay, I will be showing two examples of images, which reveals the still existing gender inequality. I will be referring to some themes and issues to support my arguments. Also, for my basic analysis of advertisements, I will be using Katherine Frith’s [1998] approach in â€Å"Undressing the Ad: Reading Culture in Advertising† [Lukas, 2002]. It includes a surface meaning, the advertiser’s intended meaning, and the cultural or ideological meaning. For the semiotic level, which connotes the social themes in advertisements, I will be applying Erving Goffman’s [1979] approach in â€Å"Gender Advertisements. † For the first example, I will use the Gucci Magazine advertisement as shown in Figure 1 in the appendix. Just by looking at the picture, you can already see that there is gender inequality. Before dwelling into that, I will first apply a basic analysis of the ad. 1. The Surface Meaning It can be seen that there are two subjects in the picture. It is very evident that one is female, while the other one can be assumed to be male. It is because of its masculine features, as seen in the upper body though the face was not explicitly shown. The female is down on the floor, touching the shoes of the male. She is wearing a sexy gold dress. The male is standing, wearing only khaki pants. Both clothing are assumed to be under the brand, Gucci. The setting is in the desert and the overall appeal of the image is very earthy. There are no words or taglines in the ad, just â€Å"Gucci†. 2. Advertiser’s Intended Meaning The advertiser might be showcasing the earthy tones and summer styles of Gucci, as seen in the very comfortable and breezy clothes the subjects are wearing. There is still a certain class in the style, whether you put them in the dessert or just wherever. 3. Cultural or Ideological Meaning The picture obviously depicts the dominance of males over females. To be more detailed, we use Goffman’s approach by taking into consideration the social themes being depicted here. The positioning of the subject explicitly exposes gender bias. The man is standing while woman is down on floor. It just shows that men are in control and have power over women. The woman is way below under his legs, at his feet to be exact. She is even touching his shoes. It reminds me of a servant, wiping the dirt of his master in the desert. The woman here really looked inferior and if we extend the picture upward, exposing the face of the man, it can be that he is looking down on her, seeing the contraction of his abdomen in the picture. Moreover, such display of abs connotes a very masculine and strong appeal. We know that men who have well developed abs are the ones who are the most physically fit. The woman on one hand is thin and sexy, with her body parts, especially the legs and the cleavage, generally exposed. Reexamining the â€Å"Nature/Culture† Paradigm, we are reminded of the â€Å"vertical† perspective, which organizes the relationships of male and female [Tilleuil, 2002]. The woman is labeled as the dominated and the man is labeled as the dominant. According to the sociologist, Claude Herne, â€Å"In the advertising image, in order to make the woman feel inferior, signs multiply and underline the weakness, the lack of self-confidence, fragility, hesitation, dissimulation, submission, childishness and infantilization, too. [Tilleuil, 2002]. This signs are very well depicted in this ad. The woman looks fragile, and she displays a look of submission in her eyes, like a slave. This leads us to another example of an advertisement, which now depicts heavy violence to women. The ad to be examined here is figure 2 of the appendix. It is an ad from Dolce and Gabbana. 1. The Surface Meaning In the ad, there are six subjects. There are five males and one female. It looks like they are in a rooftop of some resort/hotel. Some men are wearing fitted Polos, while others are half naked. Their skins are very shiny. It looks like there’s oil or sweat in them. One man is on top of the woman, while others are watching intently to the scene in the middle. The woman is lying down on the floor, wearing a sexy black dress and high heels. 2. Advertiser’s Intended Meaning The advertiser here is showcasing the sexy formal styles of Dolce and Gabbana, with their breezy polos, classy dresses. It looks like the clothing is part of their summer collection. 3. Cultural or Ideological Meaning/Goffman’s approach It is very evident in the picture that the scene is depicting a â€Å"gang rape†. This is extreme sexual violence right at your eyes. Such violence is even portrayed in classy way, with the clothing of Dolce and Gabbana at display. We look back to the inferiority and submissiveness of the woman here. The woman is again down on the floor, but this time, she is lying down, about to be raped by the first guy on top of her. But we also see here that they are being watched by other men. One of them is already topless, while, one is semi-buttoned, with his chest exposed. There is also one who is only wearing a sleeveless undershirt, while the last guy is still fully dressed up. They all have this sultry look to the woman. The woman here is about to give herself to the man, with her hips going upward. Yet, you can see that the man is locking her arms in the floor, and it looks like she cannot get away with his grasp. The woman has been the subject of sexual pleasure. Violence here is part of the pleasure package. As we have been exposed in the media, we can recall about the whipping, the slapping of women, their being tied up to different places, exposing a lot of skin, with their bodies being molded to different erotic positions. In most cases women are victims of such violence, since men being tied up would not be a delightful sight for them. Overall, as seen in most advertisements, women are always the weaker player, being taken advantaged of men, who are more superior. Women are still being depicted as mere objects of sexual desire [Sharabi, n. d. ]. Women are seen only as domestic providers, who do not have their own decision making powers. According to the blog of â€Å"Daughter of Liberty† [2007], she said that the following are some important points to take note in advertisements: 1. Canting It can be seen through the body language that women are submissive and they have low self-confidence. For our examples, it is explicitly shown with the woman on the floor, with no control. 2. Clowning It can be seen that women are usually posed like an innocent child in the ads, which connotes ignorance (stupidity perhaps) and practically it tells us that women are easily dominated. 3. Dependence Women are seen to be very dependent to men, which can be particularly found in the first advertisement, where the woman is touching the shoes of the man. 4. Dismemberment Dismemberment is described as focusing on a particular body part. However, for our first example, it was the man who was dismembered. 5. Dominance/violence This is evidently seen in both of our examples, especially in the Dolce and Gabbana ad, which depicts a gang rape. I think ads these days have become more violent and more associated to sex than ever before, due to change of perception of our society. Sex and violence is not a taboo anymore, and we can just openly discuss those issues in a coffee table. However, being a more open society must teach us to be less discriminating and degrading. Women and men were created equally. More ads should focus on empowering women, like what is happening in Dove. We must not let ourselves, especially our children to be exposed to such violence because images convey very powerful images and it can impact one’s behavior.

The problem with Management of Police Corruption

The problem with Management of Police Corruption Introduction Police corruption is a problem facing many global law enforcement systems. Most countries are faced with challenges of dealing with corrupt police women and men who undermine enforcement of the law. Police corruption involves acts of misconduct aimed at obtaining personal benefits, financial gain or advancement in careers which are performed in exchange for selectively pursuing or not pursuing an arrest or investigation (Peter 74). There are many forms of police corruption and one of the most common is acceptance of bribes in order to ignore arrest or investigation of certain criminal activities. In the US, this form of corruption is seen where organized crime such as prostitution or drug activities are concerned. Another common form of police corruption especially in the US is flouting conduct and procedures to gain conviction of a suspect. This may take the form of falsifying evidence which implicates a suspect. In rare cases, police participate in criminal activities. Most law enforcement agencies do not state statistics of police corruption due to fear of loss of public support for the force in fighting crime. However, it is acknowledged that police corruption is one of the greatest obstacles to fighting of crime. It is even harder to fight organized crimes since in many cases; police officers receive payment to protect the criminals. In countries such as Mexico, fighting drug use is a serious problem since most police officers are corrupt and protect the drug lords. This paper will evaluate poli8ce corruption, the forms it takes and appropriate recommendations which should be implemented in order to end the vice and ensure equal application of the law. The discussed issues will be summarized at the end. Forms of police corruption There are various forms of police corruption which are witnessed in the police force. These will be briefly discussed below; Opportunistic thefts This is a form of police corruption where officers engage in theft whenever they encounter an opportunity which facilitates the same. This is a major challenge facing the police force since it is difficult to prove opportunistic thefts by police officers in courts of law. An example of an opportunistic theft may occur when officers recover stolen property or money but intentionally undervalue it in order to keep some for themselves. Others may arrive at accident scenes or murder scenes and steal valuables from the injured or dead. In certain cases, police officers steal money or valuables from people they arrest. Such forms of corruption are difficult to prosecute since in most cases there are few if any witnesses who witness the crime (Roleff 16-18). Protection of illegal activities Protection of illegal activities is one of the greatest challenges facing established law enforcement agencies across the world. There are many police officers who are involved in protecting perpetrators of organized crime and in many cases, such officers have high authority. This makes it difficult for junior officers to arrest and prosecute such offenders (Jerome 8). Organized crimes such as sale of drugs, prostitution, human trafficking and gambling usually thrive due to protection from police officers. Usually officers are offered cash incentives or other benefits which compromise their principles. In yet other cases, police officers are either blackmailed or threatened with harm to their families or themselves in order to guarantee their protection of illegal activities. Such forms of police corruption are also difficult to prove in a court of law since organized criminals are usually intelligent and hide their activities very efficiently. Police officers who protect them also m ake prosecuting such criminals very difficult. Corruption of authority This is a form of corruption which involves the reception of free meals, drinks and gratitude from people the police are supposed to serve. This form of corruption may or may not be originally be intended to corrupt the police officer. Sometimes the public gives officers free gifts as a means of appreciation for services rendered. However, over time, this culture leads to corruption in the police force since officers feel obliged to serve people who reward them more efficiently than those who do not (Punch 53-58). Some corrupt individuals may also use such gifts as a means of blackmailing officers to perform specific services which may not be lawful. Many police departments have outlawed the reception of gifts of any form by police officers from the people they serve. Direct criminal activities There are cases where law enforcers including policemen directly commit crimes which they are supposed to prevent. Such police officers commit crimes while disguised as civilians and this makes it difficult for other law enforcers to arrest and prosecute them. Police officers have sophisticated training beyond that possessed by ordinary civilians and they are likely to leave little evidence when committing crimes which creates a challenge of prosecuting officers who engage in crime. Some officers have also been known to lend their weapons or uniforms to criminals who may commit crimes which masquerading as police officers. Other collaborate with criminals to commit crimes especially crimes involving stealing of large sums of money such as money escort services. Police officers who commit crimes are usually sacked fro the force and prosecuted as civilians. However, as was previously mentioned, their knowledge of handling weapons and gathering evidence makes tracking and prosecuting su ch officers difficult. Sabotaging criminal cases This is a serious form of police corruption which involves directly sabotaging evidence or court processes in order to ensure that a particular suspect is found not guilty and released. Some officers tamper with evidence gathered or intentionally do not follow rules of gathering evidence in order to ensure that suspects are released on a technicality. Other do not attend court sessions when summoned in order to ensure that there is inadequate evidence against a suspect. In extreme cases, officers have been known to aid the escape of suspects from custody. All these are serious offences since they undermine the justice system and prevent guilty people from being prosecuted for crimes committed. Solutions for preventing corruption in the police force There are various recommendations which may be useful in discouraging police officers from facilitating or engaging in criminal activities. These will be discussed below; Legislation Legislation is one of the most effective deterrents to crime. Harsh fines and sentences usually deter criminals from engaging in criminal activities. This form of deterrence also applies to corrupt police officers. Heavy punishment and fines against police officers who are proved to be corrupt in court will act as deterrent to other officers who are considering engaging in criminal activities. Legislators should pass laws which encourage stiff sentences to officers who engage in corruption. Local police departments should also develop tough policies which discourage corruption against police officers. These policies should encourage the sacking of officers who are found to have engaged in corruption at any level. This will encourage officers to follow their code of conduct and observe equal application of the law to all. Effective remuneration In many countries, police officers are underpaid and they are forced to work in dangerous conditions with little or no incentives. In fact, many officers are unable to cater for the basic needs of their families on their income alone and they are forced to supplement their income with income from other activities. This is one major factor which encourages police corruption. Many officers engage in corruption due to an inability to sustain their families with the income they earn (Tim 31-37). They are forced to engage in illegal activities in order to supplement income. Effective remuneration of officers including adequate allowances will reduce their motivation to engage in corruption and it is likely to reduce cases of police corruption significantly. Sensitizing police and the public Police and the public should be sensitized on the adverse effects of corruption in the police force as a long term solution to police corruption. This is the most effective solution to the problem of police corruption. The police should be informed that corruption goes against the oath they took and that it destroys the fabric of society. They should also be aware of the consequences of being caught practicing corruption. The public should also be made aware of the harm caused to society by collaborating with corrupt police. They should understand that corruption within the police force makes society unsafe and causes an upsurge in criminal activities (Prenzler Ransley 78-83). Community policing should be encouraged and communication avenues given to the public to report corrupt police women and men. Recording contact with public Recording contact between officers and the public is very effective in reducing corruption. Many officers are unlikely to engage in corruption if they are aware that their actions are being recorded. This is an effective strategy which has worked well in the US where police cars have cameras which record contact between such officers and the public. However, it must be noted that this is not a very effective long term solution to corruption in the police force since police have devised other methods of practicing corruption away from the glare of the camera. It must also be noted that such recordings are usually effective when police officers are dealing with relatively minor offences such as traffic offenses. Summary and conclusion Police corruption has been seen to be a serious problem affecting society. Although there are few statistics on police corruption, the effects of police corruption are clear to all. Various types of police corruption have been discussed and these include opportunistic thefts, protection of illegal activities, corruption of authority, direct criminal activities and sabotaging criminal cases. These forms of corruption lead to an increase in crime and few prosecutions of criminals. Solutions to the problem of police corruption include legislation, effective remuneration, sensitizing police and the public and recording contact with public. Once these recommendations are implemented, cases of police corruption will drastically reduce.

Free College Essays - The Father/Daughter Conflict in Shakespeares Othello :: GCSE Coursework Shakespeare Othello

Othello: The Father/Daughter Conflict Brabantio, father of Desdemona in William Shakespeare's "Othello," is not happy that his daughter is marrying the title character. This father/daughter conflict impacts the work significantly by foreshadowing the climax, giving antagonist Iago material for his evil plot. Brabantio is a Venetian Senator with definite ideas on the subject of his daughter. He wants to choose a husband for her who he feels is of her caliber and who can provide her a good life, as well as raise the family's esteem in Venetian society. At that time, this was his right as Desdemona's father. Then, when life expectancy was short, Brabantio would have wanted a son of a rich house who could inherit the family wealth, and was only a couple years older than his daughter, so she would not be widowed or have to return to her father's dependence. Desdemona acts contrary to these plans by choosing to marry Othello who is a Moor, not a Venetian, which automatically lowers his stature. He is also an army general; he does not have a lot of money, only some prestige. In addition, he is old - he could be Desdemona's father nearly; in fact, he is Brabantio's friend. Army life would keep him (and her) out of Venice, and prevent Brabantio from seeing his daughter, or future grandchildren. Consequently, Brabantio is extremely upset when he learns that they have eloped. Brabantio's anger at Othello's "thievery" leads him to entreat the Duke and Senate to annul the marriage. It is also true that the scene involving Iago and Roderigo telling Brabantio of his daughter's eloping does much to develop the character of Iago as a meddling weasel early in the book. The scene in which Othello and Brabantio argue their cases before the Duke is the culmination of the underlying conflict between Desdemona and Brabantio. Desdemona's direct part in the saga is less important than the effects of this conflict on Othello, who emerges an honorable and lawfully wedded man after his appearance before the Senate. However, the dubious nature of the marriage is to cause conflict later in the story, as Brabantio effectively disowns Desdemona and gives fuel to the gossip machine. Several times the fact that Othello stole Desdemona is given as proof that she can be stolen from him.

School Violence and Safety Promotion :: School Violence Shootings Safety Essays

Increase in school violence Over the past several years, incidents of school violence have intensified. Disasters like the shootings at Columbine High School are not unheard of, and precautions for school safety are on the minds of numerous communities. Johnson and Johnson claim that â€Å"Teaching is different from what it used to be. Fifty years ago, the main disciplinary problems were running in the halls, talking out of turn, and chewing gum. Today’s transgressions include physical and verbal violence, incivility, and in some schools, drug abuse, robbery, assault, and murder† (1995). When examining school violence, researchers have begun to investigate how society has redefined violence as normal and acceptable, claiming that this is the root of the problem. In addition, I have considered other factors that lead to violence in schools. As violence increases, pressure for safe and orderly schools does the same. I feel that the first step to ensuring school safety is to work with the stud ents themselves to establish a safe school. The purpose of this research paper is to investigate the occurrences of violence in schools across the United States and to articulate strategies to promote school safety. Two forms of school violence When assessing violence, it is important to know that it occurs in two major forms. First, violence can penetrate the climate of schools, allowing negative events to escalate into increasingly damaging patterns. The second form of school violence entails random mayhem, where the school is simply the setting (Hill & Hill, 19). An example of the latter form is the sniper shooting that occurred at Walt Whitman High School on October 8, 2002. Both forms of school violence among young people in society are increasing, forcing educators to search desperately for causes. Causes of school violence One cause of this increase in school violence is the fact that society is slowly beginning to redefine violence as normal and acceptable. What is probably most alarming is that violence is becoming so commonplace in many communities and schools that it is considered the norm rather than the exception. Johnson and Johnson believe that the media is most responsible for children falsely believing that violence is acceptable: Mass media influence how people view violence and deviant behavior. Some television shows obliterate or obscure the boundaries that society has created between good and evil, public and private, shame and pride (Abt & Seeholtz 1994)†¦Killing is sometimes portrayed as understandable and righteous when it advances a certain point of view on a controversial issue.

Formal Public Architecture and its Role in Establishing, Reproducing and Maintaining Power

Question 6: Formal public architecture is frequently associated with political and spiritual power, but different theoretical attacks to the subject will concentrate on really different features and methods of analysis. Discourse the major schools of idea on formal public architecture and its function in set uping, reproducing, and keeping power. Illustrate these differences through two illustrations – one from the Old World and the other from the New World. Many thoughts exist on how architecture and the animalism of reinforced environments status interpersonal interaction and prolong political and ideological dealingss. The topic of architecture is of importance to archeologists in that it is frequently a canvas for social or cultural alteration. This treatment explores the different major schools of idea on formal public architecture and its function in set uping, reproducing, and keeping power. By supplying two illustrations separated non merely by clip but besides by location, this paper explores how these different positions and how the archeologists who use them undertake this type of research. On analyzing how power can be established through architecture, many archeologists and research workers have turned to the Ancient Maya. The Ancient Maya had a complex political system, which was surely propagated through architecture ( Weigand 1991 ) . It is argued that exclusionary/network and corporate schemes â€Å"can be connected to specific establishments, frequently associated with formalistic built space† ( Beekman 2013:2 ) . Inclusive group individuality is characteristic of Maya society, and it is maintained through ceremonial and ritual. Formally designed infinites â€Å"have restricted maps in service to the societal hierarchy of a polity† ( Weigand 1991:93 ) . Beekman ( 2013 ) argues for four types of formal architecture ( characteristic of the Teuchitlan Tradition ) that is seen during the Late Formative-Early Authoritative period as methods of political constitution and care: shaft grave, guachimonton constructions, ball tribunals and elect families. Located under great public constructions, shaft graves are seen as an exclusionary scheme from which Maya elites drew attending to the wealth and connection of their line of descent. Beekman ( 2013:4 ) argues that â€Å"the grave in the ceremonial centres therefore demonstrated greater genealogical deepness for group claims to the rubrics or ceremonial places associated with the public architecture†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Guachimontones, which are round pyramid-like constructions, played an of import function in public ceremonials such as banquets, musical public presentations and ceremonial rites. Important ceremonial functions were shared among several higher ranking groups due to their ownership o f sacred cognition: â€Å"Holding a privileged place within the circles and take parting in these ceremonials allowed elect households to roll up increased prestigiousness, reproducing their place and solidifying their societal distance from subjects† ( Beekman 2013:5 ) . Ballcourts in Maya civilization are another premier illustration of power: â€Å"†¦ squads or persons could potentially stand out through presentations of their skill† ( Beekman 2013:6 ) . Last, elect families farther demonstrated group inclusiveness and the overall power of a group. The size and comparative intimacy to ceremonial centres suggests social inequality – that some descendent groups had more entree to resources than others. Concentrating on the Kingdom of Dahomey, which was a cardinal participant in the trans-Atlantic slave trade, Monroe ( 2010:368 ) examines the function of royal castle design in circulating societal and political order: â€Å" [ he argues ] that royal castle design therefore served as a material constituent of broader political schemes deployed by Dahomean male monarchs to anchor a vision of order and societal hierarchy in politically disruptive times.† As the slave trade grew during the 17th century, Dahomean elites gained entree to great wealth. As the land became more and more politically and economically stable, the elites began to raise excessive royal castles. These royal castles materialized political power in a figure of of import ways: â€Å"On the one manus, the constructions themselves materialized the coercive power of the state†¦ On the other manus, these castles served as the phases upon which the one-year ceremonials were performed, and during which huge me asures of wealth were distributed to the public† ( Monroe 2010:378 ) . The distribution of wealth, the public show of human forfeit and the incorporation of coercive symbols of province authorization nowadays in the architecture’s constellation served to foreground both the redistributive and coercive maps of the province. Similarly, historical scenes embedded in the walls of these castles served as a primary tool for bring forthing a sense of historical continuity and case in point for governing persons. The interior infinite set to further reenforce Dahomean elect power: â€Å"It was within such courtyards that most affairs of province were discussed, and certain more private elements of the state’s ritual rhythm were conducted† ( Monroe 2010:379 ) . From exterior to interior, architecture and the infinite it created stood to enforce a political, ideological and societal power over the Dahomey landscape. These illustrations stand as clear grounds that architecture is and can be used as a medium to set up and keep political power. As the survey of architecture in archeology is turning in popularity, there stands this demand to develop specific attacks: â€Å"Instead of being listed and categorized as an artefact, possibly utile for dating or as graphics, constructions are animating new theory and methodological analysis with which to analyze them† ( Drennan 2010:2 ) . The major schools of idea on formal architecture can be divided into three classs: functional ( processual ) , structural ( post-processual ) and societal ( political economic system ) . Advocates of the functional attack embracing a materialist mentality in covering with architecture: â€Å"The functional attack asserts that the significance of objects ( including edifices ) prevarications in their intent or use† ( Johnston and Gonlin 1998:150 ) . Function is defined in economic and societal organisational terms—what a edifice or room is used for. The functional attack to formal architecture is mostly classificatory and descriptive. Buildings are categorized by ‘type’ based on these maps. Function is established by look intoing the formal belongingss of architecture, the presence or absence of characteristics and the composing of artifact gatherings found within them. This attack spawns from colony surveies, which is the relationship between the spacial patterning of colonies on the natural landscape and the ecological determiners of colony ( Willey et al. 1965 ) . In that the processual position looks a natural environment-human behaviour relationship, a displacement in linguistic communication so allows processual thoughts and methods to be applied in look intoing a built environment-human behaviour relationship. Spatial model ing methods, when look intoing architecture, expression at the distribution of architectural signifiers within a site every bit good as spacial distribution within edifices. Space within these constructions plays merely as of import of a function in functional analyses: â€Å"There is a organic structure of social-spatial theory associated with infinite sentence structure that posits a instead rigorous and deterministic relationship among edifices, motion, and societal relations.† ( Smith 2011:176 ) . How infinites within a construction are arranged and related to one another and how a edifice mediates the relationships between its residents and visitants. This perspective focal points on the importance of motion within built environments and the significance of entree ( restricted vs. unfastened ) for societal interaction: â€Å" [ Functional attacks ] work on the premise that the infinite around edifices is structured such that aliens can travel approximately, but merely dwellers and certain aliens ( visitants ) are allowed inside constructions. Inhabitants have an investing of power and are the accountants, while visitants entre or star as topics of the system and are hence controlled† ( Markus 1993:13 ) . That is to state, architecture and the infinite within it functions as a agency of inequality – the effort of power. A figure of designers and authors have held the position that architecture is a symbolically-representative linguistic communication and that edifices can be read as texts The structural attack takes on a different mentality when analyzing architecture. Culture is viewed as an conceptional screen or significance system through which persons conceptualize themselves, others and the universe around them ( Bourdieu 1985 and Giddens 1979, 1982 ) . Cardinal to this position is the premise that persons reproduce and express cultural constructions by ordaining them in day-to-day pattern ( Hodder 1989 ) . Peoples draw from a reservoir of corporal memories accumulated over the class of a life-time: â€Å" [ Architectural design ] is an eminently matter-of-fact human activity, with, to boot inventive, allusory, and less touchable implications† ( Patel 2009:1 ) . It is an extension of a culture’s individuality and of personal individuality. It is world. Architectural design is a procedure whereby societal groups make picks refering several perennial sets of activities. Space solidifies societal significances. Structural attacks are is concerned with the ways in which contrivers and designers design metropoliss and edifices are used to pass on specific messages, typically of a societal, ideologicall and political nature ( Smith 2010 ) . The construct of â€Å"materialization of ideology† ( DeMarrais et al. 1996 ) is closely related to this attack in that formal architecture becomes both a vehicle for communicating of significances and a phase for reproduction of those significances in the context of day-to-day pattern. Formal architecture is perceived as â€Å"‘structuring structures’ – culturally loaded infinites that socialize by promoting patterns consistent with the significances that they encode† ( Johnston and Gonlin 1998:145 ) . Social control as a mechanism of power is encoded in architecture, which serves as a phase where constructions of power, privilege and inequality are created, enacted and re-created. Additionally, a societal attack, which follows much of the dogmas of political economic system, investigates the dwellers or users of a peculiar infinite as socioeconomic entities. It is contended that topographic point devising is an inherently elect pattern: â€Å"†¦ [ it suggests ] that topographic points are needfully programmed and designed in agreement with certain involvements – chiefly the chase of agreeableness, net income, position and political power† ( Dovey 1999:1 ) . Power is non inertly embedded in reinforced signifier, but alternatively actively mediated through it. Social attacks allow for a better apprehension of the political kineticss of topographic point – how stratification of topographic point every bit good as of persons and groups – are established and maintained. As societal units become progressively specialised, artifacts with high symbolic content – particularly built environments – are needed to assist incor porate a society’s disparate parts ( Rathje and Schiffer 1982 ) . There is a demand for both separation and togetherness. In this, architecture refers to the societal circulation of significances, values and pleasances and to the procedures of organizing societal individualities and societal relationships. Architecture is seen as a agency of resource control. By using these positions to the illustrations provided earlier in this treatment, we see merely how archeologists begin to take out architecture’s function in complex behaviour. On the one manus, functionalists would see the Dahomey royal castles every bit working as topographic points of abode every bit good as centres of historical chronology, assembly and distribution. Correspondingly, the architectural signifiers of the Teuchitlan tradition map as centres of entombment, ceremonial, abode and competition/sport. The infinites within these architectural types map as schemes of inclusion and exclusion. These castles served to tag passages between spheres such as inside/outside, sacred/sacrilegious, public/private and elite/commoner. On the other manus, structuralists would see these constructions as active participants in the conditioning of human experience. These construction contain of import information, which is critical for successful wayfinding. At one degree, both illustrationsperformedelite power across urban landscapes, doing symbolic claims to the nature of province authorization and supplying phases upon which historical claims to political legitimacy were expressed. However, no less of import were the ways in which the mundane pattern of political relations was shaped by the internal deferrals of these constructions. This transmutation was marked by an addition in both the segregation of political activities and control over motion within these infinites. These all can be argued as influential factors in how one non merely perceives his universe but besides how one identifies himself. Furthermore, the societal position sees that the Dahomean castles and the constructions of the Teuchitlan tradition speak to a more economic stance on power: entree and control over resources. In that these constructions have cosmogonic undertones and are straight tied to ceremonial rites, the inclusionary and exclusionary patterns suggest control over ritual cognition. By restricting entree to such cognition, we see an effort and support of the power. We see opposition and rapprochement. These architectural constructions and the activities held within them are meant to divide and convey together. In all, architectural surveies within archeology must be able to get by with its rich spacial and communicative facets. Functional attacks are of import, but we must travel beyond this. As Hiller and Hanson ( 1984: 27 ) architecture and its relation to power demand to â€Å"be non so much a byproduct of the societal alterations, but an intrinsic portion of them and even to some extent causative of them.† As laid out by Tilley ( 1996:162 ) , the survey of architecture in archeology genuinely conceptualizes how infinite is used to intercede experience: â€Å" [ Space is ] experient and known through the motion of the human organic structure in infinite and through time.† These positions lend of import penetrations that have aided to the treatment of power as materialized through architecture. We see how map, significance and command all play a portion in the rise and care of power. 1

Biology Coursework: Effect of Sugar Solution on Potato Chips Essay

Planning Before planning the experiment, I will research osmosis, so that I can make predictions. This will help me to discover how to make this investigation fair and safe. Planning ahead will help me find out the order in which to carry out the experiment. This should lead me to good results at the end of the experiment. Hypothesis Osmosis is the passage of water from a region of high water concentration through a semi-permeable membrane to a region of low water concentration. When a potato is placed in water, the cells will expand by gaining weight depending on the concentration levels of the solution. When the concentration of the water is lower, more water molecules are allowed to pass through the potato cell. This causes the potato to gain weight and expand. If the concentration levels of the solution are higher, the cells will lose water and cause the potato to lose weight and therefore shrink. Prediction I predict that when the lower the concentration of sugar solution in the water, the more the potato will expand by osmosis. When the concentration of water is identical to the concentration of the potato cell, there will be no increase or decrease in weight. This is because the amount going into the cell will be the same as the amount going out. As soon as the water concentration becomes higher, the cells will shrink because more water will be leaving the cell than entering it. In distilled water alone, I predict that the water in the potato will be more concentrated. Because of this, the water should transfer from the solution to the potato, and the potato will gain weight. In the 0.2 molar solutions, the substances will be very similar in concentration. There should be little change to the size and weight of the potato. When the potato is placed in 0.4 molar solutions, the substances will still be very similar but the concentration of the water solution should be slightly greater to that of the potato. This will cause the potato to shrink slightly. As the molar solutions get higher, the water will transfer more and more from the potato to the water solution, therefore decreasing its size and weight. The most extreme shrinking should occur when the potato is placed in 1.0 molar solution, as here the difference in the water concentration is at its largest. Safety I will be using a very sharp knife, which could injure someone if it is not handled properly. And I will also be careful that the solutions do not get into my body internally as I am not fully aware of the damage it could cause. Method I will cut chips from the same potato because different potatoes may act differently and affect the results. I will cut them 15mm long exactly with square ends 5mm wide and 2mm thick. I will use a chopping and knife for this. They all need to be exactly the same size to ensure that it is a fair test. I will weigh the chips to ensure that they are the same size and weight. This will also give us a measurement to compare them to afterwards. I will use three identical potato chips in each solution. This is because the experiment may not go to plan. If we have three chips, an average can be taken at the end of the experiment to obtain more accurate results. The three potatoes will be placed in 6 different solutions, 1.0 being the strongest and distilled water being the weakest. The solutions I will use are as follows: 0.0 (Distilled water) 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 The boiling tubes will be placed in a rack with an equal amount of molar solution. This is because identical solutions are needed for it to be a fair test. The potatoes will be covered with the solutions, if not the water will not be able to pass in and out and the potatoes would dry out. The solutions will all need to be the same temperature and the chips will need to remain in the test tube for the same length of time. The length of time I have chosen to keep the potatoes in the solution is 5 minutes. This should be enough time for the osmosis to take affect. When the potatoes are removed from the solution, the osmosis stops. I will then dry the potatoes using a paper towel being careful so that none of the potatoes fall apart. I will place them into sets of three depending on when which solution they were placed in and weigh and measure them. To get the most accurate results, I will take the average reading of the three pieces. I will then analyse my results and see if they match my prediction.