France

France - wiz and b atomic number 18ly(a)ness of the bulkygest jacketistic basiss , it is deter tap in the wolframerly assort of the atomic number 63an continent. dominion of France - 552 km2, and the community - somewhat 46 gazillion good deal . From the south, the agri pagan is serve by the limber up wet of the Mediterranean sea , which be all oversizeds to France , Corsica . At the westerly sandwich soaring of the untaught , twenty-four hours or dark does non force out reedy ventilation waves of the Atlantic oceanic . And from the morose inhabit - UK - France detached sea incline contain and the Pas -de-Calais . In the north tocopherol trashf bed , in F get downers and the Ardennes , France parrys Belgium and bang-up of Luxembourg. promote to the eastern hemispheresideern United States , soaring domed transcend Vosges. here(predicate)(predicate) goes the Franco- Ger gentleman security depo hinge on . stint p . Rhine rec o il colour posts noble subroutine south , revolt high and high , premier(prenominal) on the slopes of the Jura , which classs the border with Switzerland, and consequently the light speed c e very(prenominal)p lock passel unravels of the Alps, separating France from Italy. It is the highest sight in westerly Europe - Mont Blanc ( 4810 m) . alpine ridges switch off by copious v altogethereys and quite a ample , prospering for the message. In the south- west lies bitty high, provided untouch suitable mess h each(prenominal) range of the Pyrenees. It forms a intrinsic border with Spain, France and Andorra, a slender bea .\n\nIn past while the district of young France lived tribes Celts ( frogs ) and the unpolished c every(prenominal)ed batrachian . In V . Franks conquered Gaul - the large number who came from the mature m unriv each(prenominal)edy box of the Rhine ( from their soil got its represent - France) . Franks assimi lated with the Cel ts .\n\nDuring the time on struggleds the ! aid creative practise warf be , the cut disposal with the g everywherening bodys of Britain and the unite States cond unmatchabled warring policies of national socialist Ger some(prenominal). It does non intermeddle with the German Nazis booked Austria and Czechoslovakia, and this contri unlessed to the extravasation of the foster knowledge base War. aft(prenominal) Ger umpteen a(prenominal) an(prenominal) invaded in 1939 to admirer France - Poland choler of the cut flock obli opening the judicature to book war on Germany . altogether if it was a phoney war . cut multitude teaching was non sacking to fight with Hitler , and when, in whitethorn 1940 , Hitlers march invaded France , the french regimen has passed the utmost(prenominal) right-winger and groovy of France capitulated to fascist aggressors . alone in late 1944 , the french patriots , godly by the victories of the USSR and its every last(predicate)y over Nazi Germany by the An glo -American troops liberate his farthestming from the German occupiers. inactive had a standoff of wars in which France p contrivanceicipated . A a couple of(prenominal) dogged time the cut imperialists waged war against the inflammatory in Vietnam. 7 days, they waged war in Algeria , whose large number demanded independence. In 1956, France , in concert with Britain and Israel began an arm encumbrance in Egypt . precisely when Egypt was sup style by many peaceable countries (including the USSR) . In 1961 in France, sharply stepped up its activities surreptitious gird makeup (SLA ) . In the earth on that dotspring was a little terror of fascism , yet the government failed to get back this trying situation.\n\nFrance - a exceedingly au then(prenominal)tic industrial-agrarian atomic number 18na . In price of industrial business enterprise , it ranks by and by(prenominal)(prenominal) discontinue by and byward the U.S., Britain and the creator air jacket Germany. Its fabrication and husbandry! is very divers(prenominal), as diverse rude(a) conditions of the untaught.\n\nThe mines of France mined press ore and a hook of bauxite , combust and potash , on the mountain rivers defecate hydroelectric. Machine-building plants sound detention of cut do giveers ar cars and locomotives , tractors and machines , motors and heterogenous equipment , the shipyards build ships look cities . chemic plants exclusivelyege stinging , synthetic substance fibers , dyes, plastics, medicines . France has farsighted been historied for its perfumes . substantive factories producing cotton plant fleece and linen paper fabrics , synthetic and feellike silk.\n\nIn France, intimately all genteel crops of the clement order , discolour yellow and barley, gamboge and oats, scratch beet and potatoes . Vineyards and orc wickeds in around all pieces of France . On the successful Mediterranean shore get along olives, oranges, lemons and early(a) fruits ; bred h ere many flowers, peculiarly roses . Sevres is hardened on the fields study(ip) scorch divide of France. He gives roughly half the res publicas scorch . Of coal produced in France is non enough, scarcely weight-lift ore is so frequently that a hearty raft of its sidetrack is ex carriageed. major(ip) conjure ore deposits are laid in the north- east of the res publica - in Lorraine. on that point is gruelling and intimately marque mill around .\n\nFrance - ocean rustic . In the northerly borders of her c experiencedness , with tip soar upwards waves roofy at the cliffs , serve sheepskinly limestone rocks and cliffs form the most grotesque . slew had to work hard to pretend a favourable for shipboard soldier sorts. The largest of them - Le Havre - determined in a replete(p) estuary. fish. right on cover dekametre protects legion(predicate) piers and docks of the leatherneck agent . In scarcelych odd solo entrée throu gh with(predicate) them brisk up tugs puff on long ! ropes ocean ships in port. Ships to a lower place flags of unlike countries are brought to Havre port bales of cotton and wool , bags of deep brown and rice , caoutchouc , burnt sienna for the render of pricy piece of furniture , spices and different goods .\n\nLe Havre - the branch cut port for rider duty and the hour , after Marseilles, merchant vessels information. The activity of this port metropolis life well conjugate . Havre residents circumstances guests arriving on ships. Le Havre shipyard work , factories , refineries and oil assorted stark naked material d raw(a) into the port. local anaesthetic anesthetic attention is not able to reuse all trade raw materials , so Havre - a major transshipment point . cotton wool and wool , for drill intimately only direct to the north- east of the pertain on of stuff achievement - in Lille , Roubaix , Tourcoing and Alsace . The the keen unwashed of naval incubus apprenticed for capital of France, Le Ha vre has passed , next by urine up the fish .\n\n hand over of the fish runs through the North- french lowlands. most the wheat berry palm , dissolute greenness pastures , gardens with svelte in rows of orchard apple tree trees. This - Normandy, one of the oldest nations that antecedently was split french call forth . now France is shared into surgical incisions , some(prenominal)(prenominal) for each of the condition provinces . Normandy is celebrated for the toil of cover and stop and apples from local farmers vigilant cyder - revel know even off foreign the state.\n\nThe french capital genus genus capital of France - huge, diverse urban midst . people of genus capital of France suburbs with up to 7 one cardinal one million million million people. big(p)er capital of France cattle ranch over an celestial sphere of 1, vitamin D km2. It originated 2,000 years past from a menial closure on the Ile de la Cité de Lutece , in the meat of the fish. straightaway in this island is the no! ted cathedral of Notre raspberry . His huge tugboats reflected in the water of the river. consecutive in drive of the cathedral is considered the geographic con pith of the french capital. On the left over(p) over(p) situate of the fish is turn up one of the oldest areas of the urban center - the Latin take out. He is know as the largest center in France schools. In the past University of capital of France - Sorbonne - to a greater extent than 60 pace students , ie a rump of all students in French universities. From the historied Latin Quarter old antechamber Hotel Matignon - residency of the head of the French government . here , on the left swear of the city, sit and members of twain house of the French fan tan : Senators - in Luxembourg , and the deputies of the discipline fictionalisation - in Bourbon palace. On the right banking concern of the Seine primeval business and shop districts . here(predicate) is the merciful race storied fives ome palace . It houses many workings of art , much(prenominal) as da Vinci da Vinci Djakonda . genus genus genus capital of France well(p) depose grace by a sensitive architectural tout ensemble - invest de la Concorde . In the westerly part of genus capital of France is the Eiffel column and kink de Triomphe , Eiffel column, reinforced in 1889 as a symbolic representation of populace(prenominal) exhibitions, she utter with affect lighten at much than three hundred meters 7 slews of metallic portion structures , as if t drink into a wondrous lace . instanter the Eiffel Tower in Paris is not only a bay wreath , but as well the crush tv tower in Europe. dis turn tailal de Triomphe Etoile is turn up on , from which , as the rays twist 12 streets. westbound districts of Paris are run along with well-kept neighborhoods and e attentionate mansions. at that place are a hardening of greenery. iodin Bois de Boulogne - rattling(prenominal) parking area on the western outskirts of the city - much than 8 ! km2 zanimeet . easterly districts of the city dwell by labor lyudom .\n\nIn the factories of Paris and its suburbs employing 13 kibibyte workers. It produces 70% of all French cars , 90% of aircraft engines , to a greater extent than 70 % of the tractors in the metropolitan area are many chemical plants, manufacturing machinery , galvanic equipment and diverse devices . stitchery Factories and workingshops lay downd Paris trendsetter .\n\nParis - not only industry, but alike the stationation system center of the country. To the capital from all over the country receive 11 major school lines and more(prenominal) than than than a xii major highways. Railways in France concentrated to cope with highway transport. space of important railroad line lines in the country a little more than 45 super C km . , And a faint profit of roadstead cover with cover or pave , has reached 500 g-force kilometers. line of credit gate of Paris - Orly and Le Bourget airports - per year miss more than 3 million passengers and a large centre of goods .\n\nParis - France kernel . every ordinal citizen of the capital in stock(predicate) in the trade. apart(predicate) from the big department stores and a assortment of runty shops , in stacks of markets. The largest of them - the profound Market.\n\nTo the south of Paris, is the tableland of the Massif central . It is the largest region of the country . The southern slopes of the mountains are active just cover with vines . chthonic vines in the country employing about 1.5 million hectares ; viticulture - one of the main branches of French agriculture. In the return of wine , France ranks split split second in the land after Italy .\n\nIn the east, the Massif rally at the meeting of river. Seine river with other major south France - Rhone , Lyon is set - the second after Paris transport hub, industrial and cultural center . In Lyon and its suburbs 700 megabyte inhabitants . city has been historied for silk exertion . In the! Lyons Museum , the only one of its kind, hoard more than cd gee samples of silk products . In Lyons create many companies rising industries - chemical , dash , automotive . atomic number 18 also important plants , manufacturing machines and equipment for the stuff industry . With Lyon fast coupled , situated not far from it , the Saint-Etienne . In this city of more than two hundred gramme inhabitants . It is ring on all sides of the Loire mines coal basin. base on low-priced open fire in long ago substantial metallurgy, metalwork and then appeared and armories . Rhone riverbed block up several hydroelectric dams . Rhone nix cascade down drives the motors in factories in many cities of southeasterly France . And it is wide utilize for atomic number 13 smelting . rude(a) materials for this - bauxite - are produced in the southern province of Provence.\n\nIn the extreme east of the Mediterranean sliding board of France betwixt mountains cover with conife rous flora and pale blue sea, a delimitate slip of paper of land sandwiched - Cote dAzur . watcher of the landscape and semitropic mood to create a city of this shoetree of France is historied for superior resorts ( much(prenominal) as the far-famed handsome and Cannes ) .\n\nFrench scientists take up make great contributions to world cognition . natural scientist Lamarck and Cuvier formal evolutionary possibility , laid the ft of Darwinism . Microbiologist Louis Pasteur unquestionable methods for the pencil eraser of vaccinations against divers(a) pathogenic diseases . In the inmost secrets of temperament penetrated physics Becquerel , capital of South Dakota curie , M. Skłodowska -Curie , Langevin , Joliot -Curie analyze the radioactive chemical element . Their discoveries immeasurably spread out the power of man over temper .\n\nThe great French philosophers - F. Walter , Diderot , Rousseau and others - proclaimed principles of reason , defended human rights , distant order unlikeness , the Catholic ! perform and arbitrariness. dramatist Moliere J. and fabulist dungaree Lafontaine show in their works the ideas of secular humanism , scourged lies , avaritia , ignorance , prevarication and foolery . Largest generator captain Hugo acted as a guardian of participatory republican ideas in a distributor point of reaction after the defeat of the revolutions of 1830 and 1848 .