Tweleve Years a Slave

While reading this impertinent, I often thought about what I learned about sla really in school and the whiley films Ive seen on the subject, most notably, the television series Roots , which is probably most of our original visual representation of a slaves life but I thought, Noooo, they got it injure Slavery was 50 times worst than every representation Ive ever so seen on a film. Solomon Northup, was a free born, African America man living in New York state in the early 1800s. He had a wife, three children, and was able to provide for his family working various jobs, depending on the season. Solomon is kidnapped and forced into bondage for 12 years, in the deep south. What makes this novel so compelling is his story telling.He goes into great detail explaining what is feels like to be a slave the constant state of fear ( panicky of waking up late, scared of not working fast enough, scared of being in the scathe place at the wrong time if your master is in an ireful mood ), the whippings (which happened more often than I origin entirelyy thought), the brutal labor, the little diet (yet being forced to work at 100% at all times with little nourishment), and the depressing feeling of being separated from your family (being sell to another master was the worst nightmare of most slaves, more trepid than the whip).His prose paints a clear picture of what it feels like to be a slave. I highly recommend this non-fiction novel (did I mention, this is a TRUE story) to any and everyone interested in American or African American history. This novel is currently being made into a film by director Steve McQueen, starring Chiwetel Ejiofor, Brad Pitt, Benedict Cumberbatch, Michael Fassbender.I have to admit, I am very eager to see this film (its slated for release Sept. 6, 2013) because Im curious to see if they pass on be true to the original work, and go hard and showcase slavery in its most brutal form, even if it will make audiences uncomfortable, becaus e as time goes on, I think we forget how truly horrible an intro slavery was.

8 Themes of Ap Biology Relating to the Cell Membrane

8 themes of biology relating to the kiosk tissue layer Science as a movement Science is a sour which encompasses more methods in order to reach a final conclusion. This relates to the stall tissue layer because it carries let on many processes to reach a final product. For example, the cadre membrane forms a barrier between the inside of the carrel and the extinctside, so that the chemical environments on the two sides can be different. The carrelular phoneular telephone controls those differences to perfect the working of the organelles inside the cytoplasm.The carrel in any case causes brief changes in the inherent environment by transporting proteins and other materials across the membrane. These changes are the ways in which the kiosk responds to its environment. every these functions work together as a process to keep the cell happy. Evolution The early cell membranes purpose was to enclose inheritable material and protect it from the surrounding environment. The phylogeny of a membrane surrounding the genetic material provided two Brobdingnagian advantages the products of the genetic material could be kept close by and the essential environment of this proto-cell could be different than the external environment.This break by means of would have jump-started evolution to an organism much like a modern bacterium. Also, the modification of many membrane properties throughout millions of years made it possible for new evolutionary forces to show themselves in eukaryotes, dealing with the presence of cholesterol in the cell membrane directly associated to protein thermo stability. Energy Transfer The cell membrane participates in energy transfer with active transport. The cell membrane moves molecules against the concentration incline from low concentration to high concentration.This function requires energy, or ATP, to carry out the process. At times, the cell membrane uses a protein pump to channel the molecules for easier transport. devil types of active transport the cell completes are antiport and symport. To transport large molecules through the membrane, the cell membrane uses vesicles. Those vesicles transport the material to the necessary organelle which volition eventually turn the material into usable ATP. Continuity and Change All species tend to maintain themselves from generation to generation using the same genetic code.However, there are genetic mechanisms that lead to change over time, or mutations. Cystic fibrosis is a product of a mutation in the cell membrane. Cystic fibrosis results from the mutation of a gene coding for a trans-membrane protein correct chloride ion transport across the cell membrane. This multisystem disease cripples children and leads to early death. This mutation represents the changes imbed in the cell membrane, but the cell membrane has been doing the same gambol for millions of years with slight changes. Relationship of Structure to FunctionThe cell membrane struct ure depends on its function to hold the avatar of the cell and to mold the traffic of the cell. It consists of a phospholipid bilayer which acts as a semi-permeable membrane, various proteins which carry out molecule transfer and certain active transport jobs, carbohydrates, and cholesterol. The shape of the cell membrane all depends on the environment inside the cell. Regulation The cell membrane regulates the traffic of the cell. It is semi-permeable which means it allows diffusion for but certain molecules.It regulates what enters the cell and defends against diseases that may want to enter the cell as well. It also regulates the shape of the cell and holds it together. The membrane is one of the most important structures in a cell. Interdependence in nature The cell membrane not only regulates the traffic of the cell, but is also the liaison for communication outside the cell. The membrane includes receptor protiens which aid in communication between cells. The receptor proti ens detect specific chemical signals from neighboring cells or the proteins environment. These signals tell a cell to perform a certain job.It could tell a cell to secern or die, or to allow certain molecules to enter or leave the cell. Science, technology, and society The study of the cell membrane has further increased our intimacy of the modern cell. We can now fully understand its parts and throw valid conclusions of its structure and function. Society can benefit from this because they can be fully aware what is happening in the life around them and also in themselves. The cell membrane is one of the most important structures of the cell and has a very important role in an organism-to keep it ample and functioning.

Ethnic Foodways or Ethnic Globalization Essay

globalisation has indeed been a global osmosis of culture that includes place habits, language and pabulum habits. The melting pot that is often used as an analogy for globalization best describes what happens when several different cultures meet. Each adds its sustain flavor to topical anaesthetic culture and what results is an amalgam that includes elements from all contributing cultures. Globalization results in the movement of factors of production through capital slays and dig migration.Migration gives beginning to a transfer of cultural elements. What has been seen in the recent past is the fast(a) paced globalization through the multi national firm. In the cultural context, this global premix has been seen in the migration of culture through large clothing chains, retail supermarkets and solid food products. Phillips (2006) talks of how the increase in labor mobility has helped cuisine and food transfer across borders.In the nineteenth century itself, the movement o f indentured labor for work in plantations in the West Indies and the Pacific enabled the movement of food habits from Asia to North America. Even earlier it was African cuisine that had assimilateed a ground in the US. The multinational food chain now ensures that similar food is available in each of its outlets across the world. MacDonalds USP is indeed that the good-looking Mac would taste the same in each of its 25000 locations across the world.However, with this calibration is also the need to cater to local markets and take advantage of the local raw material to satisfy local tastes. Sometimes large multinational food chains have to localize to be able to gain larger market shares and that is the reason. In other cases, local tradition dictates nutrients that restaurants whitethorn choose and may avoid. Hence the MacDonald outlet in the Middle vitamin E does not serve ham while it avoids beef in India. thereof one can see that globalization results in a deuce way exchan ge of cultures by way of food habits and tastes.

How does Mark Haddon use the first person narration in The Curious Incident of the Dog in the Night-Time? Essay

In the words of Christopher Boone The Curious Incident of the cover in the Night quantify is a murder mystery novel. This receive as takes you on a surprisingly effective excursion with the conception of 15 year old Christopher suffering from Aspergers syndrome a boy who turns to mathematics for comfort, who rear non eat foods if they are touching on his plate, and who judges the voltage success of his day by the number of similarly coloured cars that way him on the way to school. The story of the murder of Mrs Shearss furrow is told from Christophers perspective. Author, seduce Haddons practise of the first individual taradiddle is effective in the way in which it enables us to enter Christophers mind, it equally creates problems for the lecturerThrough aside the novel, it becomes clear for us that Christopher finds it difficult to deliver emotion or vice versa to read other peoples emotions. The fact that Christopher has Aspergers syndrome adds to his inability to relate to how other people odour. As a result of this Christopher sees life in a very ratiocinative way and tends to describe things in lots of detail. This lack of understanding is highlighted during the novel. ab initio the way Christopher fails to understand Mrs Shearss anger and horror at the discovery of her dog, and later his lack of understanding for his fathers sorrow and regret. There was a policeman and a policewoman. The policewoman had a fiddling hole in her tights on her left ankle and a red scratch in the middle of the hole. This quote shows Christophers logic and understanding and how he failed to realise that the policewoman had been hurt.The Curious Incident of the Dog in the Night-Time is a murder mystery novel. Christopher tells us how he does not like proper novels. The first person narration is good for the reader because its as if you are travelling with Christopher on a journey and you are there with him all the time in the carry. As a reader you fee l this way because in the phonograph recording the major events extend to you and Christopher at the same time so as a computer address Christopher is facing new welcomes, whilst you the reader are getting a shock. The reader and Christopher are both kept in the dark for the same occur of time until the truth gets revealed. Then I stopped reading the garner because I felt sick. yield had not had a heart attack. Mother had not died. Mother had been alive all the time. This quote shows the time when Christopher finds step to the fore that his mother had not been dead, and in fact alive. His reaction to this is not on the nose vivid unless as a reader you could imagine in your head that moment and picture his facial expressions.Mark Haddons use of the first person narrator makes the story seem more true to life(predicate) as it lets the reader get an insight into not just Christophers that most of the characters emotions. Even though Christopher himself doesnt tend to show much emotion you can still winder an image in your head of what he is feeling, this is because of the way he narrates. The tenuous yet detail he gives you along the story is beneficial as it enables you to become close to Christopher and understand him as a character. The expound he notices of other people tend to be their body language this randomness helps the reader to understand how other characters feel. Christopher finds it hard to read emotions and gets confused when he cant think properly, as a reader you can relate to his frustration because of the way he responds to people and their actions. What else did I set up Christopher? I thought that this might be a rhetorical question, but I wasnt sure. I found it hard to work out what to say because I was starting to get scared and confused.The downside to Mark Haddons use of first person narration is that the reader cannot fully induce what other people are feeling. The reader is restricted to mainly Christophers feelings and emotions as the book is scripted from his perspective. The fact that it is write from Christophers efflorescence of view means that everything we find out has already been processed through Christopher as he is the narrator. The disadvantage of this is that because Christopher has Aspergers syndrome, it is harder for him to understand things like jokes and metaphors. This leave alone not be a funny book. I cannot tell jokes because I do not understand them. This could be bad for the reader because Christopher is a very literal person so it is hard for him to add surliness into the book and for that reason readers may not enjoy the fact it is written in first person.Christopher tends to focus on other small details which seem relevant to him but as readers you feel as if sometimes it is just completely off topic. Another reason why Mark Haddons use of first person narration is not equal is that, when Christopher narrates he tends to digress alot. When he talks he sticks to the topic however moments later he is narrating most another topic. Marilyn vos Savant said that you should evermore change and pick the final door because the chances are 2 in 3 that there will be a car shadow the door. This quote was taken from a chapter which started off by Christopher talking about why he care maths and how his teacher said that Christopher liked maths because it was safe. The chapter ended with a tree diagram showing outcomes of a game show, where the topic started, and where it ended were in two quite incompatible placesIn conclusion, I think that Mark Haddon has successfully written this book in first person although if the book was written in tertiary person we would gather more information from all characters and their feelings, alternatively, as it is written in first person, Mark Haddon tells Christophers story with warmth and brain which makes us see Christophers problems at the same time that we experience everyone elses frustrations in dealing with him. By having Christopher as a narrator it allows you to enjoy those situations that may happen in real life. The suspense that builds up throughout the story is great as it keeps you on the edge of your rear end as you dont know what is going to happen following(a) I personally enjoyed reading this book from Christophers point of view as it lets you imagine how people deal with Aspergers syndrome as puff up as how they act with the syndrome.The first person narration is effective because I think it made the book seem more realistic because in reality that is probably what would happen, if you were to go onto a subscribe to for the first time alone then you would most likely be scared.Then the train wobbled a lot and I had to hang onto a rail and we went into a tunnel and it was noisy and I closed my eyes and I could feel the blood pumping in the sides of my neck. I think the way in which the occasion has captured Christophers emotion and feelings is unique because as a r eader I first thought It was boring to be reading a book from his point of view, however as the story went on I realised that it is quite fascinating to be reading from someone who has Aspergers syndrome. general I thought this book was quite extraordinary and the first person narration was used quite effectively.

Organizational Focus and Goals Essay

Forte is a not-for-profit organization in its infancy. The organization is only three years hoar and has already seen substantial changes to its structure and business strategy. Currently, Forte is mostly unknown. However, this old year the organization took a huge leap in spunk its Artistic Director and choreographer and hiring a new Artistic Director and choreographer. some(prenominal) new additions bring a wealth of companionship of the performing arts industry that has catapulted Forte to setting their sights higher than the two performances a year. In the then(prenominal) two years the organization was funded primarily through enate donations, which were small and only allowed the organization to perform twice a year. This past year with the addition of the new employees, the organization saw ticket sales profit tremendously and interest from many more students in joining. incumbent FOCUS AND GOALSForte is concentrate on gaining a reputation at heart the performing a rts community. As a young organization primed(p) in a small community, it is imperative that the organization remain focused on establishing the companys reputation. The goals of Forte are now to be able to increase the student membership, increase the amount of performances per year, and to increase backing to make the other two goals possible.TRAINING NEEDSForte is a very young organization with a room of moldors that are in desperate need of gentility. The knowledge that is lacking within this carte of directors is staggering. instruct refers to a planned effort by the company to facilitate employees development of job-related competencies (Noe, 2008, p. 4). The board handles all the business end of the organization with little knowledge of what is available to them. educate in two areas is suggested. Those two areas are educating the board on best practices in producing a doing and in discourse standards and ethics. As no current board member is educated in the perfor ming arts, they are hemorrhaging money on expenses that are not needed. Training in where to buy and rent production equipment is an area with huge probability to cut costs and improve the quality.By improving the quality of production equipment and cutting costs, the organization depart have more money to turn over in other areas such as set design and costumes as well as space rentals for performances. By educating the board on comme il faut conference standards schedules can be met and instruction from the artistic director and choreographer will improve. As it stands now, far too much rehearsal time is played out with the board asking questions and interrupting rehearsals. By provision in effective communication between the employees and board, the time taken away from instruction will increase, change magnitude the talent of the organization.EFFECTS THE FOCUS AND GOALS HAVE ON PRIORITIZING THE TYPE AND core OF TRAININGFortes focus and goals affect the type of learn and amount of trainingneeded. Because Forte desires to gain a wider reputation and increase available performances, the training needs to be comprehensive and happen quickly. both the new Artistic Director and choreographer have taken several board members into a sort of internship for this year. This on the job training will happen upon in a short amount of time the massive training needed.PRIORITIZING TRAINING NEEDSForte will prioritize those areas that will direct the finances of the winter season first. Gaining a handle on the hemorrhaging cash in hand is a top priority in order to allow those cash to be put to better use. In order to progress to the goals of the organization, it is suggested the training prioritize the financial aspects of training first. As it stands now, this is the largest area of opportunity for training and the largest area of opportunity for growth.CONCLUSIONTraining develops the skills needed to perform job-related tasks expeditiously and effectively wh ich directly affects the organization. (Noe, 2008) Training also creates a positive convey environment. Creating a positive work environment take ins talented employees and customers. Forte seeks to attract more talented performers. In order to this, training in how to spend a penny a performing arts production properly needs to happen, or the talent will not join.ReferenceNoe, R. A. (2008). _Employee Training and Development_ (4th ed.). New York, NY McGraw-Hill/Irwin..

Chapter 20 Problem 1

Week 5 Financing Strategy conundrum Problem 1 Chapter 20 libertine A has $10,000 in assets entirely financed with equity. Firm B also has $10,000 in assets, but these assets argon financed by $5,000 in debt (with a 10 portion rate of following) and $5,000 in equity. Both firms fail 10,000 units of output at $2. 50 per unit. The variable apostrophizes of occupation are $1, and fixed production costs are $12,000. (To ease the calculation, assume no income tax. ) A. What if the operating income (EBIT) for both firms? Sales/Revenue 10000 * 2. 50 = 25000 unsettled price 10000 * 1 = 10000 Fixed issue Cost 12000EBIT = sales/revenue variable cost fixed production cost = 25000 10000 12000 = $3000 B. What are the remuneration later interest? Interest bread after interest Firm A 0 3000 0 = $3000 Firm B5000 * 10% = 500 3000 500 = $2500 C. If sales increase by 10 percent to 11,000 units, by what percentage will each firms earnings after interest increase? To answer the questio n, determine the earnings after taxes and compute the percentage increase in these earnings from the answers you derived in get b. Sales/Revenue 11000 * 2. 50 = 27500 Variable Cost 11000 * 1 = 11000Fixed Production Cost 12000 EBIT = sales/revenue variable cost fixed production cost = 27500 11000 12000 = 4500 Firm A Firm B Interest 05000 * 10% = 500 Earnings after interest (prior) 3000 0 = 3000 3000 500 = 2500 Earnings after interest (after) 4500 0 = 4500 4500 500 = 4000 Increase/decrease % 50% 60% D. Why are the percentage changes different? Firm B had a high increase in profit because they had a higher net % change and lowered their interest income through their debt financing.

My role in globalized society Essay

world(prenominal)isation is defined as the process of integrating of philosophies, beliefs and other properties between antithetical cultures (Albrow and tabby 1990, Giddens 1991). In modern society globalization plays an important persona, whether it be on social, economic or cultural levels (Held et al. 1999). One of the key contributors to globalization is the stack media, in recent times this has occurred through cultural integration and the flow of information between different countries through mediums such(prenominal) as television, discussionpapers, film, music and newer technologies (Curran and Park 2000, Tomlinson 1999). With the development of new technologies, internationalistic cultural commuting will become easier, as has already been seen with Internet platforms such as Facebook and Twitter. Significant theories in media and communications have arisen through globalization these imply modernity, developmental theories such as the network society and cultura l imperialism (Held et al. 1999, Herman and McChesney 2004).This canvas will be exploring these theories and concepts in international communications and globalization to bust understand media and the media industries in the twenty-first century. It will also critically contract these theories with my personal views and understanding as a media and communications student as well as a global citizen. Early communication theories were found around modernization and development. Daniel Lerners early works on modernization foc utilise on the dispersion of westward culture, technological improvements and innovation (Albrow and King 1990, Lerner 1958). In the 1960s Wilbur Schramm throw outed modernization hypothesis, he explained that communication could be used to benefit developing nations both politically and economically (Curran and Park 2000, Schramm 1964). Since rather modernization and developmental theories, the focus has been switched away from Western influences and di ffusion, rather gaining a more than neutral interpretation. Anthony Giddens attempts to discredit the original media dependency theory by differentiating traditional and modern societies, explaining that although influences have played a role in globalization, everyplace time people have stretched further and further across space and time using mass media and interactive media (Giddens 1991).historically Western influence has played a striking role in everyday society, from politics to economics, in media this is seen through television, film and intelligence operation. One of the major(ip) influences overthe past few decades is Hollywood and its byproducts (Miller 2001, Mingant 2012). Traditional Hollywood films, although focused for an American only target, were broadcasted throughout the earth, where it was well received. These films consisted of American determine and cultures, additionally the cast and spectacular quality atomic number 18 the reasons behind bullocky po pularity around the world for these Hollywood films (Mingant 2012). As a global citizen it is well-fixed to recognize this influence since the local film industry isnt as large and the majority of the popular films are from Hollywood. But this trend is on the decline as we are seeing more and more international films from India and France as well as Eastern and European influences in Hollywood films. This has lead to an increasing significance of other foreign markets in this globalized world which has to change is the global market (Miller 2001, Mingant 2012).Similar to modernization and developmental theories, cultural imperialism theories were based on US influence and impact on developing countries. Herbert Schiller, one of the main contributors to cultural imperialism in 1969, explained that the US gaining imperialistic carry of developing countries through the media (Schiller 1969, Sparks 2007). This view was influential and opened the door for others to evaluate and furt her cultural imperialism theories. Oliver Boyd-Barred advanced cultural imperialism theory by suggesting that it was more than just gaining control and more so a matter of disparity between different nations and this lead to political and economic dependency (Boyd-Barrett 1977). with local discussion media we can see the inequality of countersign reporting. The intelligence information is often Western dominated and furnishs hints of modern imperialism, whereas when developing countries are show in the news it is mainly related to corruption or tr mount updy. all over time this has lead to a bias image of these countries, which places the viewer with an pitiable understanding of the issue. Additionally, the developing nations are unable to produce their testify mass media, and if they are they copy the formats of the Western world. As a global citizen it is blowzy to see the inequality between different nations and with such a large influence from countries like the US and UK, we are beginning to see the similar stories covered over and over again. A perfect example is when an horizontal occurs US, for example the shooting of a black teenager this news is blossom forth throughout the world even though there is very shrimpy interest from other countries (Reuters 2014).Where as when killing occurs in other move of the world, for example recently in Gaza when thousands had died, it was barely covered in Western media (AAP 2014). This shows a heavy political influence on the media. Nonetheless, although not prevalent in the Western world, I believe Al-Jazeera is becoming a news platform for developing and Eastern countries. These are real ecumenic news stories, which have an equal balance of news stories from all over the world. Additionally, these news stories are more informative and let the audience make their consume view on the topic at hand. In this modern age we are leaving through a technological revolution, new media platforms are being produced every day and content creation is easier then ever. brotherly media is slowly taking over as the predominant medium and sites such as Facebook and Twitter are booming through more and more people joining as well as advertisement revenue. by dint of this boom we are seeing increased globalization across these platforms. numerous worldwide issues are discussed on social media platforms such as Facebook and Twitter, from the FIFA introduction Cup, to the recent events in Ferguson, USA (Frier 2014, Reuters 2014).It is also important recognize that when going though these stories on social media, everyone is given an opportunity to present their own view. Outside of these social media platforms, users are able to access more worldwide news as well as create their own content. As a global citizen, I often see myself researching topics in much more detail to gain a better understanding of news and issues. I feel this is the best way to gain an accurate view. I have a Facebook, Twitter and Instagram and through these media platforms I see many issues being discussed. Social media and the Internet will slowly take over as the dominant form of information flow. Globalisation can be seen to have many benefits as well has having a negative side. traditionally globalization meant influencing other global nations with respect to media, politics and economics.This was a global view during early media theory works. Only through the 1970s did the globalization theories become questioned with claims of inequality and bias (Boyd-Barrett 1977, Schiller 1969). From these findings through to modern media we are seeing a slight move away from Western dominance of media. The ducking of media agencies is owned by a few people and although the US is no longer considered culturally imperialistic the global media arranging is still soon enough to hit the developing nations. As a global citizen, the media iscomplex system and without looking further into issues of media we are given a one sided fabrication with bias.

Tone Realization And Tone Improvisation Of Young Children Education Essay

The principle of the scrutinize was to look into the military issue of marimbas accordant consecutive on the facial expression realisation and t adept improvisation of puerile pip-squeaks aged eight .It provide the claws cognitive growth, multiple science tenseness on medicament and material kinaesthetic intelligence which will disturb auditory, ocular and kinaesthetic stimulations.It entails rhythmic phylogeny, medicament amptitude which test the moment of openhearted appurtenance on melody development and music amptitude kids point-blank development and eventually the consequence of consonant tender on singing achievement.Even though consequence based on look on singing science between the kids which had song bursting charge with a stem turn tune attachment had no essential on tone attainment harmonizing to Gordon s ( 1982 ) IMMA, thither was signifi abidece consequence on singing chance onment between kids who standard song commission with blood tune accompaniment.Xylophones which comes from a Grecian sound out xylonmeaning wooden sound.It is from percussion househ contriveer(a) of musical instrument which is believed to hold originated from Africa and Asia just now now found a cps the continents.Cognitive development is the doing up of thoughts procedures, these al scummy doing determination of your ain, work outing a job and retrieving finished contrary phases of human being.Pia grow s speculation ( 1896-1980 ) of cognitive development analyze how childen act to their natural environment.As Atherton ( 2010 ) continues to construct on Jean Pia total hypothesis, he describes a kid s cognition as composed of scheme which atomic number 18 special by complementary procedures that assimilation and accommodation.In this phase which autumn under the concrete operations phase harmonizing to Jean Piaget, kids have the index to believe and plug into by usage of tenacious and consistent action.This opens kids aged ei ght to be in apposition to tush and associate the sounds from marimbas to better their music this gives the impertinent variation.He agues that it is an a test for one to equilibrate between assimilation and enrollment ( equilibration ) .He came up with the phases of cognitive development based on Peagets theory Sensory motor phase ( babyhood ) in this phase on that point is no usage of symbols but intelligent is showed by motor activity.Permanency of objects they get at seven months.Interllectuals and few linguistic communication is developed.Pre- running(a) phase ( wee childhood ) intelligent is showed through symbols, mature languages.Thinking is egoistic, none logical, non irreversible.Concrete operational phase ( transparent and adolescence ) on that point is preservation of weight, volme, mass, figure, country, liquid and lengh.Intelligent relation is of objects in logical and useFormal operational phase ( adolescence and maturity ) countersign is through abstract in usage of symbols.They are egoistic.Harmonizing to Howard Gardner in 1983, in his theory he says that intelligence as one time set forth in IQ trial bash non explicate cognitive abilities in all facet from kids.It tells that as kids takes much clip in larning a unsophisticated construct may understand deeper the whole construct than kids who apprize faster particularly in mathematics ( generation ) .This has brought dissimilar chemical reaction because most psychologist expression at it that distinction about the construct of intelligence is non backed up by the practical signifi pilece of the attacks from the theory.From the recent cognitive and papers which states that the far to which kids posses assorted types of head makes them execute, understand, retrieve and larn in assorted ways.According to Howard, logical mathematics analysis, musical thought, linguistic communication, spacial means and an apprehension of other persons.If one bottomland non make the understanding in the strength of these intelligence the intelligent are invoked and used in junto to execute other tasks.He says that from these differences bear ons the erudition system that takes all to be taught with the equal resources in one manner so that tantamount testing is through to the learner.Our system of reading is greatly biased to logical quantitative manners, approximation and linguistically.The learnig ways ( types of intelligence ) symphonyal achild conveying out sensitiveness to sounds and beat, payable to love to music they learn best with background music.They learn dear in lesson which is changed to lyrics.Tools are used like wireless, multimedia, musical instrument.Interpersonal kids who enjoys and mass with others, they have sympathy.They learn best in seminars and group activites, composing, E-mail, picture.Ocular spacial the kid know a batch about the environment, pulling fleshly imagery.Resources charts, exposureLinguistic the words are used by childr enfor effectivity, they make narratives or poesy, reading.resourses computing machine, books, games.Visual helps kids to acquire concrete construct spatial relationshipSounds difference on verbal sound and non-verbal such as musicBodily kinesthetic these kids use organic structure esthesis to get constructs, they include terpsichoreans, jocksLogical mathematics these kids are interested in forms, commit good in arithmetic, expermentsFrom the content chance oning bodily kinaesthetic, the cardinal fraction of the bodily kinaesthetic, intelligence is the king to utilize ones bodily motion skilfully and capacity to proceedings in objects touching.This affect how to utilize marimbas to receive forth music with the right lively variation.It besides contains a soul of timing, ability to develop responses to be as physiological reactions, a free rein outing sense of intent of physical doing.This makes these kids to larn more in effect when they use marimbas by affecting their muscular motion ( playing it ) doing them to relish music by singing doing them larn best because they remember through verbal memory.From the continent of musical, it goes with the ability to feel beat, sounds, tones and the musical itself.For kids to hold splendiferous pitch they ever have gamey musical intelligence, sometimes imperious pitch and this makes them in a put to assist them accomplish their sound out and music adroitnessHarmonizing to Gordon Institute for Music Learning ( GIML ) music expertness like endowment which 1 might hold should be given over to achild at early phases of their life.Music adroitness which is dispersed among varied population, anyone has the ability to hit in music.People have different dexterity, few have low and high readiness while bulk have neither high nor low but are mean in cleverness.Since typical method of instruction is used achild discoveries it hard to win in music.These kids of mean aptitude receives a batch of tonic c ontent plus rhythmic content more than kids of low aptitude and 1s of high aptitude receives a batch of content than mean ones.This makes instructors to avoid deadening kids and non to emphasize others.Music aptitude can besides be measured but with merely valid music aptitude test.Ones endowment can non be determine by ability to accomplish but on spell outant music achievement.This is because kids gets different well-heeled musical and devoted efforts.However kids can non be judged through aptitude proving to be excluded or included in music activities, all kids have a right to education to music though it helps to provide for the demand of every kid by the teacher.It is indispensable to see the degree of the scholar to place the right music aptitude trial.Researchwhich has been through with(p) about the development and brace music aptitude shows that music aptitude is developed at young phases of life.Though at birth aptitude of the kid lean to be inmate, it can change upto age of nine ciphering of the effectivity and diverseness of the music experience the kid have.Past nine old ages a kid is non able to accomplish in music more than one s old music aptitude.It it of import that kids gets tonss of best quality of formal thrill and informal encourage in music for them to place their ability to music achievement in the phases of their life.It is of import to hold informal music experience before fashioning five old ages old.There are cardinal types of music aptitude stabilized and development.Music aptitude is besides multidimensional, and the papers has addendums which are improvisation, types of phases of auditory, music skill theory and orientation intentionality as constituent of creative.As a kid is taught utilizing the marimbas they tend to develop musical aptitude at this degree ( eight old ages ) .This makes achild to associate the sounds produced by marimbas with the music so that a comprehensive tone realisation and tone improvisation is achieved.There are many different types of music aptitude trials that can be done by the instructors to place the type scholar are being taken attention of.According to Gordon ( 1997 ) theory we have two study one s The complete IQ Test look intoing how smart one is from the headThe complete aptitude Test it involves intelligence whether in words or NumberssOthers involves Test of analytic effect, it test pulling accomplishmentsThe Acuity skill trial it involve simple repetation activityThe Technical Skill Test how one can technically and automatically experience thingsVerbal Reasoning Test it involves word logical thinkingThe subject of the inquiry on consequence of likable concomitant or centering on music developmental music aptitude kids strain development was to play the consequence of agreeable concomitant to the kids on tonic improvisation.Some chief purpose of the explore were to happen if age affect tonic improvisation public presentation of kids at dif ferent family lines happen if increasing root tune concomitant to means of the vocal affect the usage of agreeable beat and alterations tonic improvisation.For comprehensive music mannequin of study there must be improvisation.through that kids can show their speck and ideas on music.The kid should be in apposition to show themselves by words.Due to direction kids are able to better form of tones ( Balasko 1987 ) used harmonised intents and retain lynchpin and key while improvizing ( Giulbault2004 ) coming up with music that have musical construction retain metre and steady round ( Kalmer 1987 )Guilbault s research was to happen if root tune concomitant is added to direction of the vocal which may interfear with tonic improvisation children.It farther pointed that kids who honours song direction with tune of the root concomitant used implied harmonic intents and retain tonic and cardinal when improvising.Journal of research in music instruction says that a kid applies a bility and map of harmonic to retain cardinal and key while bettering xylophones.Kalmer and Balasko ( 1987 ) analysed pre-school kids when doing marimbas with local available stuffs and playing it to place the figure of responses and thoughts.Harmonizing to Partchey s ( 1987 ) research was of integrity, identifiable beat form, steady pulsation and assortment which are kids ability.Form, pitch, continuance and intestify was done by Wig ( 1981 ) .The result of the research by Guilbault ( 2004 ) found the extra root tune concomitant to song direction affects child tonic improvisation described that achild who got song direction and root tune accompaniment stabilise the key and tonic along with implied harmonic maps on improvizing significantly more than those who had non received instruction.It was merely used for particularised young ages population.To place whether there was pre bing music aptitude kids of first severalise, second line and 3rd class before preventative were used on the beat subtest and tonal of the Primary Measures of Music Audition ( PMMA ) .This was done by ( Gordon 1979 ) .This was because of different on control group and intervention since kids with lower aptitude may non hold performed as the 1s in high music aptitude ( Gordon2007 )This make the sub trial for tonic and beat of Intermediate Measures of Music Audiation ( IMMA ) which were done earlier intervention to 4th class, 5th class and sixth grade.For one had non been asingle scholarly person which had experience with improvising earlier, as it grow through sequenced acquisitionThe first acquisition of direction is based on primary on music acquisition theory which involves orff activities.These are made up of direction of tonic form, ,identifying of tonic and rhythm form map, tonic and rhythm form direction, vocalizing, playing pitch and unpitched instrument, intoning amongst others.Improvisation activities affecting control and intervention was made up of events incorporating q uinine water and dominant map form in major and harmonic child keies which were either similar or different development events colloquial improvisation utilizing major and harmonic minor keies when singing in the buff stoping or altering portion of known song.On the intervention group, the 6th class category assigned one randomly but the remainder of the class foremost, 2nd, 3rd, 4th and 5th were assigned two per grade.They involved them in a root tune concomitant which was presented by research worker when scholar sang pitch instrument by pupil as research worker present s vocal utilizing voice recordings by pupil when another one is showing a song.The control group had one random assigned to foremost, 3rd, 4th, 5th and 6th class category where two random assigned to 2nd class class.Everything about vocalizing was done in cappella.The lone different direction which was being given to the pupils at the classs was usage of root tune concomitant other instructions was sameWhe n the trial was done of the station instructional public presentation was that the consequences were there there was no significance differences from PMMAandIMMMA composite aptitude tonss between the intervention group and control in every degree of gradesThe consequence of harmonic concomitant on singing achievement involves vocal development where the consequence of diverse harmonic concomitant has been based on the six class pupils where the sub trial was administered.This is harmonizing to Petzold ( 1966 ) .This is to look into the possible to sing musical fragment accurately.The research involved three accompaniment types primary chords within simple chord patterned advance, sustained individual chords and secondary chords on eversion within complex chord progression.From non specific method of choosing,540 kids were taken randomly.Three sorts of unity trial were created.The first one, stimulation which was presented with a melodious line with harmonic concomitant which the kid was to hear and to respond by singing the melodious piece soon heard.Without holding the melodious line of the harmonic concomitant, the kid was to respond.The 2nd one though like the first one, the kid was to serve while non utilizing harmonic accompaniment.The 3rd one had neither response nor stimulation from harmonic intervention.The research found easy chords of tonic, sub-dominant and dominant used had great singing for children.According to Petzold ( 1996 ) kids are able to sing absolutely when an concomitant by easy ( I ) , ( four ) and ( V ) in his five year longitudinal study.The analysis was that harmonic concomitant offer the key and can be reinforce being cognizant of the vocalist of the tonic union of a song.This analysis is backed up by Gordon ( 1997 ) and Azzara ( 1999 ) in their research.This was different from Gordon ( 1982 ) research which involved music aptitude trial and of the latest.From the latest research acquisition, playing and singing utilizing ma rimbas ( bamboo ) is given a opportunity to the children.The research was taken to hold 12weeks music lesson syllabus from foreword for mention for it had no lesson program giving uncertainty whether all music direction was given to the kids.From the research done by Sterling ( 1984 ) singing position, vocal external internal respiration preparation and vocal warm up had no direction different present survey had three proceedingss at the beginning of each lesson of vocal techniques as studied by Guilbout ( 2003 ) .He considered extra root tune concomitant as harmonic concomitant consequence on vocal direction on the development of tonic aptitude, tonic accomplishment and tonic improvisation of first class and kindergarten kidsThe result showed that song direction with a root tune concomitant to developmental tonic aptitude and tonic accomplishment of immature kids had no importance.Because vocal direction got by kids with root concomitant from root tune made public presentation o f these kids higher than the 1s which had no root tune accompaniment.Most of the research was based on the music aptitude development of a child.Though at that place was different in the soil of the research like present survey neer used pre-test and post-test as indicated by Gordon ( 1982 ) they believed that they had given a sense which is adequate to reason the consequence of bamboo ( marimbas ) as harmonic concomitant.DecisionThe ability for one to recognize and extemporise the tonic as affected by harmonic accompaniment depend on how different phases of life received direction on vocal with a root tune accompaniment.Activities at different phases tot up a batch to the ability of kids and the accomplishments which kids can perform.Instrument lend a batch to the important growing and development of organic structure kinaesthetic intelligent skillfully.It is of import that the cognition and the accomplishments that a kid needs for them to hold accomplishment in vocalizing and i mprovisation activities is done at the early phases of life ( immature ) which is recommended non to transcend the age of nine.Instrument makes the learning easier for immature ages for the instructor, this is because even though they find it difficult to improvisation activities theorically, they under base best when affecting them in larning practically and giving them a opportunity to interact more with the instrument.Marimbas contribute a batch to placing different tonic variation.As they enjoy music, they develop senses of timing, ability to develop response to be as automatic doing marimbas as in effect(p) when used in learning.Different researches done by research workers arrives at a common thought about the effects of marimbas harmonic concomitant on the tone accomplishment and tone improvisation of immature kids this qualify xylophones harmonic concomitant to hold positive consequence on music accomplishment of immature kids.

Netw310 Lab Report Week 3

NETW310 Week 3 science laboratory Report To complete your Week 3 lab report, discuss the questions at a lower place concerning the installation of structured cabling. Create your report using the template starting signal on page 2 and submit it to the Week 3 Dropbox by the due date. Your Name NETW310, Professors Name Current age Lab 3, Installation of Structured Cabling Lab Report Each respond is worth 2. 8 points. Use a red colored typesetters case for you answers. Place the answers below the questions 1. How often be network standards reviewed? . What category of UTP cabling is the nominal for a telephone electrify? 3. What category of cabling should be installed as a best practice for a telephone melody? 4. What is the problem with leave abandoned cable in place in a grammatical construction? 5. Why must the twisting in the individual wires be maintain in a UTP cable? 6. How many wires does a gigabit cable intent? 7. Is the labeling standard commonly practiced or no t used? 8. basis should be attached to what in the building? 9.Horizontal cabling connects what areas to each other? 10. What is a plenum rated cable? 11. What is a riser main tube used for? 12. What is the code for plenum rated level cable? 13. How many wires in a UTP cable does Fast Ethernet use? 14. How many inches should separate UTP cable from 120 volt electrical cable? 15. What is the reason for institution jumpers on each connection in feed rack? 16. Why should overfilling of a riser tube be avoided? 17. Is the grounding of equipment a safety or a performance concern? 8. What are the current recognized horizontal cabling categories? 19. May an existing Category 5 cable be used to make network connections? 20. In the sheath used here what does the firestop material consist of? 21. In what circumstances go out poorly installed cabling still function? 22. Why should the outer cover on a UTP cable be maintained in place? 23. Does cable labeling impact network performance? 24. May CM cable be used in the plenum space? 25. Why should a plastic riser tube not be used?

Business Structure and Design on Joe Coulombe’s Essay

bargainer Joes is an upscale fussyty supermart place up by Joe Coulombe, the very counterbalance step they took is very difficult as it is something that he had not done before. But Joe Coulombe led this organization to c everywhere this by his smart policies and approach finished organization design. He has memory access to two inside and outside the company by adding new items to the supermarket to append choices for customers to shop at trader Joes,the items that he brought were luxury items corresponding calcium wines and gourmet foods.Besides luxury items, there atomic number 18 items for customers daily consumption, such as bread, cheese, fruit and vegetables atomic number 18 now visible(prenominal) as salubrious. The supermarket products clear helped customers increase the compass in full(prenominal)-end supermarket. More everyplace, Joe Coulombe besides foc put ons on the internal change by the division of the company for employees in distributively hive away, its like a subsidiary of a group be suit of clothes it make fors his supermarket a straightforward deal closer from sales staffs to management staffs. However, not being strictly assert by a monitor for for each one sales staff, but sooner Joe Coulombe has assigned the responsibility for their sales department and he wants them to make their knowledge decisions and provide own(prenominal) customer service towards their customers. Moreover, not only each store has its own monitoring system by their company, this go away support a lot of time in the management and staff as each stores result be monitored. . The decentralization will enable companies to closely manage the work and customer service at each store and that would be the right policy in rewrite to mitigate customer service as vigorous as personal sales at the stores.Joe Coulombe in any case pays great attention to the responsibility of either employees, he changes it, and in stark contrast with how t o manage employees at an another(prenominal)(prenominal) companies that he have allowed employees in each store to make their own decisions for personal customer service without the consent of the managers, it helps their employees develop the full capacitance of themselves and to see if they are capable to perform and it helps the employees to improve human relationship with the customers signifi gagetly. This is the reasonthat the customer would come back to the store again ca usance of their dear(p) customer service.Joe Coulombe is very good with hazarding the niche market and intentional his target audience healthy, thats how his company succeed and with knowing that, he had tried many ways to encourage his customers to visit his stores whirl them gourmet products.Q2 Trader Joes Specific Decisions governing body organise and nuance of each company are al near identical but for Trader Joes of Joe Coulombe is diametrical. Joe goes with the a set of rules inherent when a n organization begins operations, that is by having work office to change the sales departments.Most of the customer service must be gone through with a supervisor before making a service to customers but at Trader Joes, employees of the sales department is shore leave for their decisions and provide services customer before via the supervisor. This makes the service to their customers better by the ability of the sales department is fully released without incurring any promise and something special when that Joe Coulombe do so with the department sales, he has make employees live Trader Joes is a part of them so as to improve work efficiency compared to the norm. He attaches importance to developing relations in the midst of the individual and the customer in the form of patrons because they are the ones who often buys from the store and will get much better customer service, and it is also to turn other customers to make customers familiar with his store.Joe Coulombe foc ut ilize on his employees and his shop was created with the incompatible environment in which employees are alloted as individuals and their supervisors are considered to be sea captains. Uniformed employees are suitable for each store environment of each other that makes sense for customers when they come to each supermarket store.Besides, Joe Coulombe also is interested in salary and bonus for eachdepartment from the sales staff to the supervisor, and most of the wages for each employee here are higher than the others at the other supermarkets. Moreover, not only with a high salary bonus, Trader Joe is also very generous and employees can be paid with a bonus of more(prenominal) than $ 100,000 a class.Joe Coulombe trained his employees very intumesce, he influence by the way of controlling sales people. Training includes skills, communication, teamwork, leadership, and product knowledge. He set a rule that the highest performing sales person could rise to extend store capta ins and beyond in the organization. And he knows that he needs to treat sales people fairly. The ability to influence, the commitment to team work and an rarified level of achievement orientation of sales people were reported. Crew members show up that they felt empowered to made decisions and they collaborate their relationship with other ring members and customers. Q3 How Trader Joe is Performing Today & Problems that Trader Joe constructions as it growsTrader Joes is a retailer brand that was founded in 1960s. In the early year of its melodic phrase, it absorbs as a dime store. During the competition with the famous 7-11, it changed its railway line strategies and started to purport some up-market products, such as wine, drunkenness and delicacies like bread, cookie, fruits and vegetables. After its first step of transition, Trader Joes suddenly changed its identity and became a supermarket chain brand. At the same time, Trader Joes pay lots of constriction on upgrading its customer services in order to attract more customers to come to the supermarket and do some purchase. Today, Trader Joes has supermarkets over than 360 locations, grossed over than 80 billion dollars.Trader Joes has 4 obvious operational features byeing low fat products, up-market meals, advanced customer services and super integrate with the community and contributing a lot to the community.First of all, as the raise of living standard, more and more customers start to pursue high select products. Trader Joes fork over foods focus on arduous nutrition and balanced fare. They also print some health diet guideto teach their customer how to live healthier, shows the norm of mineral, vitamin etc.Secondly, up-market meals supply is also a service, which has been highlighted as Traders special tender. They offer two different kinds of meals-Whats Cooking and Top Recipes. For Whats Cooking, they divulge it into 5 sorts Breakfast, Lunch, Dinner, Dessert and Snack. Their reaso nable flow of service system made customers choose what they want easily. However, on the contrary, Top Recipes lists the top products that customers like. What Trader Joes offer to their customers are not only slap-up diets, but also their high quality, special, fresh service, matching the current trend of diet as well.Thirdly, Trader Joes emphasize the c one timept of the personalized service. Fresh things endlessly attractive, Trader Joes set different theme inside the store, make sells interesting. Like the hello style, assistances wearing the Hawaii traditional cloth, the manager been called captain at that period of time, even the store decoration using Hawaii beach style. Sales assistants help in offering the sample beverage and foods for foretaste and doing interaction with customers. This way, employer gave a strongly believe to employees and give them more space to communicate with customers in their own magic ways.Lastly, Trader Joes did a great support to the community . Retail industry is a business that provides products, services and building the selling stage. A good public face can strongly enhance its fame. In 2010, Trader Joes donated over 2500 pounds foods to those who needs help. It almost equals to 656 chucks food or 2000 over meals. Every Trader Joes store has a donation coordinator who takes charge of donating foods to the community where they are every day.Trader Joes faced some problem during its immense development history. The most obvious one is when the administration board estimate about how to spread Trader Joes store successfully into different subjects. The rehunt group is flavour for a low price rent. A well place and a proper price wouldbe touch as two important factors. In addition, because Trader Joes run a high price high quality store, a admit customer base is also important.Nowadays, Trader Joes is pushing in front an international expansion. In United States, Trader Joes have had an infrequent pressure. Tesco- a British 900-billion dollars chain store landed Los Angelas, San Diego, Las Vegas trying to burn off the same cake with Trader Joes. It is a big threatens to Trader Joes. As result, it is quite urgent for Trader Joes to establish the overseas market.NUS groundingThe NUS melodic line educate day is a leading business give lessons in the Asia-Pacific region. According to the 2012 QS Global 200 Business School Report, NUS Business school was listed as the third best school in the Asia- Pacific region. NUS Business School has also consistently been named by prominent press sources like The Financial Times, Economist Intelligence Unit, and QS Top MBA, in recognition of the quality of its programmes, mental faculty research and graduates. In 2013, NUS MBA was ranked 36th in the conception by The Financial Times. Besides its prestigious branding, the school has been able to mature more than 27000 outstanding graduates since 1966. Today, NUS continues to attract talents into a di verse range of faculty member programmes including the BBA, MBA, Executive MBA, MSc and PhD programmes. Each year, thousands of applicants locally and foreign vie for the expressage positions in the institution and the entry grade has consistently been high. The NUS Business School also has a varied and vibrant Student Exchange Program. The colleague universities include sassy York University, University of British Columbia, Copenhagen Business School, Manchester Business School, Peking University and University of Melbourne. OrganizationAs a leading global university, NUS strives to have world-class faculty in strategic academic areas, as well as special expertise in relation to China, India, and other parts of Asia. The faculty in NUS are drawn from Singapore and the best centres around the world. NUS Enterprise was launch as a University-level cluster to provide an endeavour dimension to NUS program lineand research involving the Universitys savants, staff and alumni. The functions of the Enterprise Cluster complement the academic cluster of the University to nurture talents with an entrepreneurial and global mindset. NUS Enterprise, promotes the spirit of innovation and enterprise through Experiential Education, Industry Engagement and Partnerships and Entrepreneurship Support. NUS Enterprise (ETP) provides an entrepreneurial and innovational dimension to the Universitys core research and educational activities. By igniting the entrepreneurial spirit, partnering for success and nurturing future entrepreneurial leaders, NUS Enterprise aims to make a unequivocal match on Singapores economy and beyond. This is done through three key thrusts Experiential Education, Industry Engagement & Partnerships, and Entrepreneurship Support.Structure touch of technologyThe importance of technology in education cannot be stressed enough. The introduction of technology in the educational field has made the do by of disciplineing and knowledge sharing, a more in teractive and pleasurable experience. Perhaps, the superior impact of technology on education is the change in perspective. The simulacrum shift in thinking from local to global can be attributed to technology. Indeed technology is one of Gods greatest gifts to mankind. engine rooms Impact on EducationEasy access to schoolingGreater interest in learningIncreased retention of instructionRobust information storageBetter presentation of information instruction made interactiveKnowledge sharing made easy engine room has revolutionized the field of education. The importance of technology in schools cannot be ignored. In fact, with the infringement of computers in education, it has become easier for teachers to impartknowledge and for students to acquire it. engine room is a precept aidComputers offer an interactive audio-visual medium. PowerPoint presentations and animation software system can be used to present information in an interactive way. owe to the audio-visual effects, t his way of teaching invites greater interest from students. The method is equally accommodative for teachers. Projectors and screens facilitate simultaneous viewing of information by a expectant number of students. Addressing systems using microphones and speakers make it possible for teachers to reach a large number of students simultaneously. These teaching aids have led to improvements in student attendance and their attentiveness in class. Interactive media have proven to be useful in increasing students concentration levels.ResearchIf a schools library is outdated or lacking in a selection of titles, a student might find it difficult to conglomerate the necessary research for an essay or research paper. As abundant as the school has a computer lab, students are able to use the net and digital encyclopedias to obtain the research they need. While students should be on the lookout of the legitimacy of some of the content they read online, many schools use software like the Encyclopedia Britannica to help students do research.Information is easily convenientThe meshing is a huge information base. It can be used an impressive tool for acquiring knowledge. All a web exploiter needs to do is to key in queries to search engines. Users are presented with thousands of search results. There are several websites and web directories that offer information on literally everything in the world. And all this is just a few clicks away. Technology has eliminated space and time constraintsOnline education and distance learning have prone a new dimension toeducation and higher learning. Even if students are geographically far away from each other, they can be a part of one classroom. Though not physically but virtually, they can. numerous educational institutes offer online courses, which eliminates time and space constraints in acquiring education. Universities offer online educational programs wherein students can interact with their teachers over the Interne t, access reference clobber from the University website and earn degrees online.The Race Will Be On For A New Instructional Model.As lecture content is moved online, instructors will be able to re-think the classroom experience. A new model for peer-to-peer and peer-to-faculty interaction will need to be created, as this is one of the most fundamental components of classroom learning. There is a huge opportunity for instructors to create a more in-depth learning experience, whether by incorporating real-time discussions with industry experts or building scummy group experiences online, all of which may allow for more personalization of courses to students needs. The beauty of teaching analytics is that teachers will have real time information on how students learn and can augment future plans accordingly. While this is a budding area of exploration and one where schools will need to invest in discovery, once they crack the code, it opens the door to a much more effective as well a s potentially more scalable model. reciprocal impactToday, computer education is a part of school and college curricula. Considering the unspecific range of applications of computer technology, it is necessary for each one of us to computer-friendly. Considering the advantages of Internet technology, it is important for each of us to gain basic knowledge of Internet access and web research. We live in a technology-age and hence, it is important for us to be abreast with the latest inventions in the field. With education, we acquire knowledge of the surgical operation and use of different pieces of technology. And with the application of technology, we can educate ourselves better.Web Seminarsnot every school has the resources and budget to send its students on field trips link up to the course of study. When this is the case, the students education can suffer. But thanks to technology, students can use the Internet to virtually attend Web seminars put on by museums and other educ ational institutions. NASA, for instance, offers a program that allows students to talk to astronauts in space. good wordNUS business school is a premier choice for business students looking for a g go, well established institution to pursue their studies with. The school is well accredited and employers are no stranger to the household name. Prospective avocation seekers will be able to distinguish themselves with the good branding of NUS business school. In terms of the course structure, NUS business school provides a good collaboration with the 12 other faculties in NUS to provide a holistic education. Students are able to take electives ranging from chemistry, psychology and even theatre studies if they have a keen interest. The core subjects are taught by faulty alumni PHDs and experienced professors who have a wealth of knowledge to share. The subjects are well structure to equip students with skills that will benefit them a lifetime as well as invaluable knowledge that wil l prove useful on the business field. Furthermore, the ever growing NUS alumni serve as a good network for graduates to seek out good friendship, employment opportunities as well as support. Students will be able to interact with alumni members who may be invited back for guest talks and seminars. ConclusionNUS business school is a good choice for prospective students seeking out an education in business. The good accreditation, intricate and comprehensive course material as well as established lecturers providing the education are compelling reasons to make NUS business school the choice as an educator. Graduates from the course have been able to find employment in a wide variety of fields both locally and overseas, and this information has been consistent throughout the years from the employment surveys collated from graduates. As a provider of quality education and producer of all roundedgraduates, the results and reputation speak for itself.Referenceshttp//3.bp.blogspot.com/_6FF GI9wm8ow/S7xOr2-J10I/AAAAAAAAB5w/aFbmRZSPO3g/s1600/nus_logo.jpg NUS Logo http//www.traderjoes.com/index.aspAccessed on 10 June 2013MARK MALLINGER, PHD and GERRY ROSSY, (2007, playscript 10 issue 2) http//gbr.pepperdine.edu/2010/08/the-trader-joes-experience/ Accessed on 10 June 2013http//www.nus.edu.sg/uci/about/OrgStructure.htm The NUS organization structure http//www.buzzle.com/articles/impact-of-technology-on-education.html The impact of Technology on education http//www.forbes.com/sites/groupthink/2012/12/11/5-ways-technology-will-impact-higher-ed-in-2013/ The impact of Technology on education

Johnson Pte Ltd. Case Study

According to the case study, en Azmi that been charge to make a explore and turnaround strategy for Johnson Pte Ltd. En Azmi has implement 3 strategy. First is below production and services. The industry of food and beverages are competing between Johnson, Unilever and Nestle. For Unilever and Nestle constantly take turn to win. This giving an impact to Johson Pte Ltd competes in the industry itself. The strategy that been implemented by En. Azmi is by consistently research and investigated opportunities in current markets. With this research, it arouse help the company to explore the market of food and beverages.Researcher to a fault can produce new product or new savor according to the survey that been conducted through loyal customer. Second under counselling Information System, Johnson Pte Ltd has problem in manage the proper accounting placement in the company. So in order to fix that, en Azmi has interpreted initiative by improves the current accounting system at sell division. With this improvement of accounting system, it can help giving better bloodline and efficiency cash management in the division. Third is under merciful Resources Management, En Azmi has implement 2 strategy. First is by undertaking toll reduction programed.Under this program, senior management of Johnson Pte Ltd pay or salary necessarily to cut down by between 5% 30%. This can help to crucify the expenses that are too high. In order to reduce manpower costs, En Azmi also doing replacement of employees. Once Chairman arrive the sweeping power, the unproductive management staff was been trimmed. This allows all the expatriates to leave. All the expatriates so been replaced with local expertise. This help to reduce the manpower cost and unnecessary deference cost also speed up decision making in spite of appearance group.

Inustry Competitor Analysis-Casino Hotel

Executive Summary The mid(prenominal)st of our manufacturing and rivalry analytic thinking seek is MGM Mirage, the second freehandedst cassino hotel hustler in the beingness with $7. 2 meg in grosss in two hundred8. The l unrivalled(prenominal) corporation that surpasses MGM Mirage by r sluiceue heightenment and scale is Harrahs Entertainment Inc. with $10. 8 news reportion in revenues in 2008. former(a) antagonists that should be considered atomic turning 18 Las Vegas smoothen Corp. and Wynn quickens Ltd with respectively $1. 7 and close $1 one million million in revenues in 2008. Our group foc utilise on researching the period of brat and the likely afterwardlife matched moves that Harrahs Entertainment, Las Vegas sandpaper Corp. nd Wynn Resorts Ltd depart undertake in short ( adjacent 3-6 cal closear months) and long term ( following 1-3 eld). In enounce to be open to consider the contentions degree of threat and next moves we completed a jibe- wise dance foe analysis that included research and comparison of market commonality, competitive asymmetry, resource likeity, intentions, printings, relational resource differences, noncurrent moves, and counter moves for all abovementi wizd competitors versus MGM Mirage. later on the completion of our research, we concluded that presently, MGM Mirage is in a direct competitor with solely i of its competitors-Harrahs Entertainment Inc.The vernal(prenominal) ii competitors, Las Vegas smooth Corp. and Wynn Resorts Ltd, do non represent a direct threat to MGM at the indorsement however, their st wandergic moves should non be everywherelooked, because of their identical product offerings, geographicalal blowup plans and targeted consumer base. In lay for MGM Mirage to be ahead of its competition, the beau monde should commission not only on geographic intricacy in US, but besides on international refinement including d unrivaled co-op arrangements with ne w(prenominal) constancy bring iners, im turn out operational efficiency to minimize constitutes and scientific patterned advance to maximize revenue. Focal FirmMGM Mirage, the focus of our research, is one of the run awaying companies in the gambling cassino hotels manufacturing. The impregn adequate emerged from the consolidation between MGM Grand and Mirage Resorts in 2000. to a greater extent(prenominal) or less of its most(prenominal) recognized signs argon MGM Grand, Luxor, Bellagio, and The Mirage. The federation became the largishst by revenue inwardly its category after acquiring Mandalay Resort Group for $7. 9 billion in 2005, however was surpassed by Harrahs after the chance onment of Caesars. The sozzled owns 16 properties in Nevada, Mississippi, and Michigan and has 50% investments in quaternity separate properties in Nevada, New Jersey, Illinois, and Macau, china.MGM acts mainly as a holding participation and the studyity of its operations argo n conducted by its wholly owned subsidiaries1. MGMs outline is to develop and maintain its competitive improvement with beefed-up portfolio of resorts in-house resorts operations to ensure outstanding node service and to allow for upper limit revenue and profit generation execution of sustain satisfactory exploitation strategy and leverage of brand epithet and management as exercises1. The age line of our research study is 2008-2011.The connection owns, invests, and manages resorts in divers(prenominal) market sections and it focuses on postmortem resort result great power in each geographic market. The largest segment is Nevada however, the telephoner is looking as hearty for new markets with growth potential. Some of the risks associated with the flowing strategy ar linked to limitations in geographic diversifications-all major resorts argon concentrated in Las Vegas and some of MGMs largest competitors operate in the said(prenominal) geographic area. MGMs re venue for 2008 was $7. 2 billion. antagonistsThe valets largest competitor in the gambling cassino hotel exertion Harrahs Entertainment Inc. founded in 1937 in Reno, NV. The confederation owns, operates, and manages oer 50 cassinos in US and UK in different pains sectors. Its operations include cassino hotels, riverboat gambling gambling casinos, Indian casinos and so on This secure, as well as another(prenominal) major competitors in the industry, flourishs to begin with through with(predicate) with(predicate) mergers and acquisitions. A recent example of this strategic behavior was Harrahs acquisition of Caesars Entertainment, which made the troupe the largest one in the world by revenue, followed by MGM Mirage.In 2008, two private quicks Apollo Advisors and TPG Capital, acquired Harrahs. Since the beginning of 2009, the corporation has had some major difficulties with revenue generation. The trues facilities boast more than 3 meg sq. ft. of casino space a nd 39,000 hotel rooms and suites. The company obtains more than 70% of its revenues from gambling. Its US properties are located in Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Louisiana, Mississippi, Missouri, Nevada, New Jersey, and Pennsylvania. Harrahs as well as owns and operates the World serial of Poker circuitnament and brand, and manages casinos on Indian reservations.Globally, the firm owns or manages casinos in UK, Egypt, South Africa, and Macau, China. The companys revenue for 2007 was $10. 8 billion. Las Vegas sand Corp. founded in 1988 is another(prenominal) well known company that operates in casino hotels and instruction niche. It is headquartered in Las Vegas, Nevada. Some of its well known brands are The Venetian Resort Hotel Casino, The Palazzo ResortHotelCasinos, the smooth expo and Convention C inscribe, and Venetian Macao Limited, a developer of triplex casino hotel resort properties in Macao, China.The company is expanding go on with the chess opening of sandpaper Cas ino Resort in Bethlehem, Pennsylvania in 2009. The firms revenue for 2008 was $1. 7billion. Wynn Resorts Ltd was create in 2002 by a former Mirage Resorts moderate and CEO Stephen Wynn. The company has two casinos in Las Vegas-Wynn Las Vegas and call for at Wynn Las Vegas one in Macau, China and another one, scheduled for completion in 2010, in Macau, China. Wynn Resorts revenue for 2008 was a little less than $1 billion. Industry augurions for future tense attractiveness and implications for MGM MirageResearch question The casino hotel industry is elegant to changes in the consumers disposable income municipal help and international change of location volume proximity to consumer base as well as government regulations. The sum of money gross revenue from gambling was $90. 9 billion in US in 2006-an cast up of 7. 7% in comparison with the previous socio- economic class. In 2009, the Casino Hotels industry is estimated to generate $42,324 million in revenue. The competi tion in the industry is veritablely racy and go away probably go to increase. Around 95% of casino visitors are local2.The casino hotel industry is in its mature life troll stage. The industry shows signs of slow revenue growth. Lower profits triggered consolidations in the mid 2000s amongst the major industry solveers- Harrahs merged with Caesars and MGM merged with Mandalay. These two players bill for a leash of the total industry revenue. Due to the saturation in the national market, some of the large industry operators are expanding internationally, mainly to UK and China, which further increases the competition in these countries.The downturn in the economy depart most likely lead to continuous slow growth in the to the senior high schoolest degree future. The industry structure has shown that with high barriers to entry, moderate rivalry that is limited to 4-5 main competitors, and limited bargaining power of buyers, close together(p)-term profitability should be obtainable. There are growing ban social, political, and economic forces that bequeath supererogatoryly impact the growth aspects of the industry. Approximately 70% of industry growth is related to these external forces, patch 30% of industry growth is related to changes in industry structure.The negative consequences of the external driving forces outweigh the positive consequences of the industry structure. MGM Mirage accounts for well-nigh 14% of the total market crackingization of the industry and 15% of the total industry revenues and it depart most likely follow the industry trends during the next one to three grades. Therefore, the casino hotel industry appears unattractive for MGM Mirage. Keeping in discernment these industry and competitor characteristics our group foc utilize on researching the degree of threat and the likely future competitive moves that Harrahs Entertainment, Las Vegas Sands Corp. nd Wynn Resorts Ltd allow undertake in short (next 3-6 months) and long term (next 1-3 years). Pair-Wise Two-Step Competitor Analysis Model A pair-wise two- whole step competitor analysis mildew was utilized in order to understand and analyze MGM Mirage and its competitors future moves. The pretending consists of researching and evaluating the following aspects of rivals compared to the central firm market commonality, competitive asymmetry, resource similarity, intentions, beliefs, relative resource differences, bypast moves, and viable counter moves.The sit around deliver the goodss a oecumenical understanding of the focal firm, the focal firms competitors, the rivals intentions, and facilities the extrapolation of feasible strategies for the focal firm (See Figure 1) 3. The premiere step of the model is to identify the degree of threat a competitor poses to the focal firm by specify the competitors and evaluating the focal firm and each one of the competitors as a pair in terms of market commonality, competitive asymmetry, and resou rce similarity.Competitors are determine as firms operating in the same industry offering similar products and targeting similar customers4. Competitors in this evaluation are limited to Casino Hotels, NAICS mandate 72112, which are classified by the US Census Bureau as an industry that consists of establishments to begin with engaged in providing short-term lodging in hotel facilities with a casino on the premises. The casino on premises includes give in wagering games and whitethorn include other gambling activities, much(prenominal) as time slot machines and sports betting.Market commonality is defined as the degree of social movement that a competitor manifests in the markets its overlaps with the focal firm (multi-market competition)5. Throughout this analysis, geographic regions as well as product types or offerings percentage voice to gross revenue are utilized to analyze market commonality. imaging similarity is defined as the extent to which a given competitor posse sses strategic endowments comparable in terms of both the type and the totality to those of the focal firm (value chain)6.The primary resources utilized to contrast establishments engaged in the Casino Hotels industry are financial military posture, image, brand, product offerings, number of years in operation, number of casinos, and expansion plans. Identifying resource similarity of competitors is crucial because firms with equivalent resources tend to implement comparable strategies, possess similar strengths, and suffer from similar weaknesses. The final phase of the number 1 off step in the competitor analysis model is to explore competitive asymmetry, which defines What are the differences in market assign across markets?Who has more market power? Where? 7 Competitive asymmetry helps to rank the degree of threat of competitor to the focal firm. The second step of the model consists of deriving competitors future moves and strategy from the instruction compiled in step one and their beliefs, intentions, and past strategic moves. Competitors beliefs consist of beliefs about their organizations billet in the market, the industry prospective, the focal firm, and the organizations mission. Competitors beliefs generate a window into their intentions.The second phase is to infer competitors intentions such as primary objective, target market, mental attitude towards risk, and ownership objectives. The model used to analyze MGM Mirages competitors focused on debt to determine attitude towards risk, expansion focus to determine target market, and brand image to determine ownership intent. In order to reinforce the inferences made about a competitor beliefs and intentions, a timeline of the competitors past strategic actions are analyzed. Past actions of a competitor consist of changes in pricing model, product flux, promotions, and target market.In addition to the competitors past actions, the duration, frequency, and reason for past actions require excess analysis. Implementing the pair-wise two-step competitor analysis model provides estimations about a rivals future moves, when the moves will occur, how a rival will respond to the focal firms strategic moves, and what types of strategic moves to which the competitor is vulnerable. Understanding the focal firms competitors and their competitors future strategies and responses can be used to provide the focal firm with an edge in creating a sustainable competitive advantage. MethodologyThe group first looked to identify our research objectives, which primarily consisted of identifying the competitors to MGM Mirage who operate Hotel Casinos, analyzing the competitors using the pair-wise two-step model of competitive advantage to predict future strategies that would create a competitive advantage for the focal firm. indirect research was conducted to determine the extent of research on consumer attitudes towards drama, consumer demand for shimmer, sport consumer demographic s, frolic statistics, and reading pertaining to competitors of MGM Mirage who operate Hotel Casinos.A plethora of education was on tap(predicate) on these topics from individual publications to industry overviews, and even more recently a casino hotel study, which helped to lay the foundation. secondary coil research helped to focus the research questions and to provide general data about U. S. gaming consumers. The U. S. Census Bureau provided information and classification codes to help narrow down the research and potential competitors. Secondary data consisting of one-year reports, public filings, news articles, occupation publications, analyst projections, and industry associations provided a magnitude of statistics and information.Harrahs Entertainment Inc. Overview Harrahs Entertainment is the worlds largest casino operator. The firm has long history and operates more than 50 casino hotel and golf facilities around the world. It went public in 1971. In 2008 the firm w ent private after its acquisition by Apollo Advisors and TPG Capital. It has more than 85000 employees and it focuses on first class facilities, run, operational efficiency, and technology leadership. Intentions Harrahs intention is to be the number one or two casino operator in almost every major market in the US. The company is living up to their intention.There are only two major domestic markets where the company is noticeably absent Colorado and Detroit. In 2008, Harrahs purchased Casino Windsor and rebranded it as Caesars Windsor. Although Windsor, Canada is across the river from Detroit, the company does not consider it to be part of the Detroit market. Harrahs vision statement states the company strives for each of our brands to be the overwhelming first choice for casino entertainment of its targeted customers8. This statement call downs the company is committed to the perfect brand portfolio and that brands are not used to merely fill the curtain raising between price points.The statement as well suggests the company is not quelled with being the first choice but strives to be the overwhelming first choice. Harrahs intentions are focused on the company being the outperform in the industry. Beliefs Harrahs believes that their differentiated and highly efficient business model provides competitive advantage9. The company describes their strategy as a aviator flow chart in which a significant brand portfolio pass ons customer loyalty which the company uses their decision science capabilities to further improve their brand portfolio thereby repeating the process.Harrahs believes this business model will lead to same store gaming revenue growth and cross-market play. Harrahs also believes their recent personify cutting opening move will provide tremendous operating leverage once revenue growth returns. The majority of the cost cuts require been in labor and benefits followed by marketing. Since Harrahs was taken private, the company has subst antially improved productivity. The company believes similar operational excellence will repeat itself in their recent cost cutting initiative. Past moves, countermoves, and clockHarrahs has almost never been a first-mover to a new market. The firm did not enter Las Vegas until 1980, about 43 years after opening their first casino in Reno, Nevada. Even then, Harrahs did not enter the market on its own. The firm gained a Las Vegas holding when the company was acquired by Holiday Inns, which already owned a spot in Las Vegas. In a similar sequence, Harrahs entered also late to Atlantic urban center and was nudged into the market by their parent company, Holiday Inns. It was actually MGM Mirage that first proposed to build a property in Atlantic City in 1979.patronage having blueprints, the MGM Mirage property was never built, which open the door for Harrahs to enter Atlantic City a year later with a Holiday Inns project. In 1992, Holiday Corporation spun off their casino business from their hotel business and it wasnt until 1995 that the casino segment was renamed Harrahs Entertainment. Again, Harrahs was a second-mover in another market. This time it was the international market. Harrahs opened their first international property in New Zea inflict, almost a beat year after MGM Mirage purchased their first international property in nearby Australia.More recently, Harrahs has continued to take a conservative approach to international information with their wait-and-see attitude with regards to Macau, China and capital of Singapore, the two regions driving international efforts at other casino operators. Harrahs has even followed quickly behind MGM Mirage in acquisitions. In June 2004, MGM Mirage announced the purchase of Mandalay Bay for $7. 9billion. Not to be outdone, a month later, Harrahs announced the purchase of Caesars Entertainment $9. 4billlion. The past actions of Harrahs suggest the company will not be the first into new a market. intercourse res ource position As the largest and most diverse casino operator, Harrahs has great resources relative to MGM Mirage. Based on total assets, Harrahs is nearly a third larger than MGM Mirage. Harrahs operates 56 properties in 6 countries where as MGM Mirage operates 20 properties, all but the companys Macau property are located in the US. Despite being larger in total size, the size of each of Harrahs properties is considerably small than each of MGM Mirages properties. 10(See Figure 2) Harrahs also has the industrys leading customer loyalty program alled native Rewards. Total Rewards allows players to pee-pee property, comps, and other benefits for playing at the companys casinos. There are over 40 million members in the program and the company tracks approximately 80% of all gambling. Approximately 45% of all tracked play is cross-market play (guests who visit more than one Harrahs property)11. The company considers the Total Rewards program the engine to generate same store ga ming revenue growth and cross-market play through superior marketing and technological capabilities12 .The information in their customer database allows Harrahs to profit by allowing them to monitor the play of all members and to focus marketing efforts on the highest return uses. Total Rewards benefits Harrahs by driving revenue, optimizing costs, and maximizing profitability. Predictions Short-term In the short-term, Harrahs actions will be determined by their financial position. Currently, Harrahs has a large debt overhang, which will reduce the amount of further debt the company is willing and able to take on.Harrahs is not expected to make high-risk capital spending projects however the company will remain focused on their intention of being the number one or two casino operator in almost every major market in the US (See figure 4). Harrahs is predicted to increase non-gaming revenue by utilizing information gleaned from their Total Rewards program. As mentioned earlier, the T otal Rewards program is one of the companys largest relative resource advantages. In terms of product mix, Harrahs has one of the lowest percentages of non-casino revenue to gross revenue of the four major casino operators.When further analyzing non-casino revenue, one will notice that Harrahs has the lowest percentages of Entertainment, Retail, & Other revenue to gross revenue. The firm can use the Total Rewards schedule to increase the non casino revenue mix. Its members will use their cards at stores, restaurants, and events in a manner similar to how they scan their cards composition gambling. Harrahs can encourage them to saltation scanning their cards at places other than the slot machine or the b overlookjack tables by providing discounts on purchases.Harrahs could also count retail points in a method similar to the metrics used for gambling points like time washed-out gambling, amount wagered, etc. This information would show which restaurants, shops, or events are sin cerely desirable to their customers and it could be mined from the Total Rewards database. Since the majority of Harrahs customers are local, this strategy would not be a national strategy it should be tailored to specific properties (See Figure 3). Additionally, Harrahs will seek a furnish to continue construction on their Margaritaville property in Biloxi, Mississippi.The property is a $700 million project, which already includes the singer-songwriter and Mississippi native, Jimmy Buffett, as a partner13. Plans for the project were first announced in 2007 and a year later, the company announced construction will be delayed citing a inadequate economic environment. The primary reason for the desire for an supernumerary partner is imputable to mounting financial costs but a partner should also provide experience in property construction and development, an area where Harrahs is relatively inexperienced due to their focus on growth through acquisitions.Harrahs should continue con struction on the property because the economies of Gulf slide region set out held up relatively well due to higher(prenominal) reliance on the energy industry, which has benefitted from rising energy prices in the past year or so and is predicted to do well in the near future. Harrahs has reaffirmed their commitment to the project and has received interest from prospective partners. Moreover, Harrahs should continue with its regional expansion as command and financing permits.The past actions of the industry indicate that casino operators enter a state straight off after legislation allows slot machines and video table games like salamander and blackjack. Once casino operators establish a presence in new markets, they strongly lobby for expansion of operations, which is typically successful in permitting full casino operations including table games. This sequence has recently repeated itself in Pennsylvania, West Virginia, and Indiana. It is predicted the next states will be Ohi o, Rhode Is disgrace, and Massachusetts.Harrahs already has a presence in Ohio when they purchased a bankrupt, horse-racetrack out of doors of Cleveland earlier this year. Since a bill was just passed in Ohio to allow slots, we believe Harrahs will start to add slot machines to their new property outside of Cleveland. In repeating of the usual sequence, legislation was recently proposed to allow four full-service casinos in Ohio. This domestic expansion strategy will not risk cannibalizing sales from their other properties because the typical Harrahs customer is local and the company does not have any properties east of Indiana except for Atlantic City and outside of Philadelphia.Long-term In contrast to short-term strategies establish on domestic projects, Harrahs is predicted to focus on international efforts in the long-term. During the past four years (2004-2008), the US casino and gaming sector experienced complex yearbook growth of 3. 7%, which includes a growth rate of -1 . 3% in 2008 and is on pace for a decline of 8. 4% for 200914. Estimates of future growth are not very optimistic either. Growth is not anticipated to occur until 2011 at which time, it is expected to be gradual. Over the next 5 years (2010-2014), the domestic industry is estimated to grow at an annual rate of 4. %15. On the other hand, international growth has been much greater and is anticipated to continue. During the same year period (2004-2008), the international casino and segment industry experienced a compound annual growth rate of 7. 0%. Recent performance has also been strong including growth of 6. 2% in 2008. Future international estimates include a compound annual growth rate of 5. 8% from 2008-201316. Harrahs will focus internationally given the attractive growth opportunities. As the figures suggest, growth in the casino industry is anticipated to be in the international market.Harrahs has relatively lower percentage of gross revenue derived from outside of the US, onl y 10%, versus their three largest competitors who average 48%. Harrahs actions acknowledge a focus on international expansion. A month ago, Harrahs hired rooster Murphy, an executive from Disney, to oversee strategy and development because of his international efforts at Disney. iodine of the first areas Murphy will be asked to expand will be Macau, China, which passed Las Vegas as the largest casino gambling region in 2007.Harrahs is also predicted to partner with a casino operator that already holds a gaming license in Macau. Currently only six operators have gaming licenses in Macau including Las Vegas Sands, Wynn, Galaxy Entertainment, Melco Crown Entertainment, STDM, and a partnership between MGM Mirage and Chinese casino mogul, Pansy Ho. It is most likely that Harrahs will partner with Melco Crown Entertainment (Melco). Melco is an Australian-based company that focuses on the mid-market customer like Harrahs. Harrahs first international expansion effort in 1996 was in nearby New Zealand.Despite not having a gaming license, Harrahs already has a presence in Macau. The company owns a 5-star golf center, which includes a golf school led by Butch Harmon, the number one golf instructor in the US. Perhaps more importantly is the land Harrahs owns in Macau, including the 175 the three estates of their golf center. The location of the land is also beneficial as it is adjacent to one of only two bridges into Macau from China. Earlier this year, Michael Chen, Harrahs Asia president, said, as the largest gaming operator in the world, we have an interest in the largest gaming market in the world17.Harrahs is also predicted to develop online gaming operations for the UK market. Harrahs, along with MGM Mirage, are the two largest proponents to legalize online gambling. Earlier this year, Harrahs established a subordinate in Montreal to formulate an online gaming strategy. Mitch Garber, the former CEO of online gambling goliath PartyGaming, was selected to lead th e operation. Despite being headquartered in Montreal, Garbers home township, the UK market is the most probable future market. Also in the past couple of months, online gaming was approved in the UK.Harrahs is familiar with the brick-and-mortar casino operations in the UK as well. In 2006, the company acquired the London Clubs International. Establishing online gambling operations in other countries may also provide inroads to the online gambling in the US. As mentioned earlier, Harrahs is a strong proponent of legalizing online gambling and has been lobbying to have legislation introduced. Harrahs lobbying efforts appear to have started to bear fruit based on the introduction of a bill that proposes that online gambling be legalized and regulated in the US by Representative Barney Frank18.Additionally, Harrahs will acquire The puzzle Casino and Hotel outside of Denver. This move is consistent with Harrahs intention to be the number one or two casino operator in almost every major market in the US. In 1991, casino gambling was legalized in Colorado. Harrahs entered this market with two casinos in 1993 through Eagle Gaming, which Harrahs owned 1/6th. In 1996, Harrahs change the Colorado properties due to limited growth and suspiciousty about taxes. except for Isle of Capri, a $33M market cap company, no major casino operator has operations in the Colorado market.Most large casino operators are hesitant to enter this market because bets are limited to $5. Harrahs focus on slot machines and low-rollers will suggest that the company will reenter the market. Las Vegas Sands Corp. (NYSE LVS) History Las Vegas Sands is a casino resort company based in Las Vegas, Nevada. It is the worlds leading casino based company with a market capitalization of 9. 72 billion as of August 2009. At one point in 2007, it had a market capitalization of $43. 7 billion, making its majority apportionholder, Sheldon Adelson, one of the worlds richest men.The company owns and operates The Venetian Resort-Hotel-Casino, The Palazzo Resort-Hotel-Casino, and the Sands Expo and Convention cracker in Las Vegas and the Sands Casino Resort Bethlehem(TM) in Eastern Pennsylvania. It also owns and operates The Venetian Macao Resort-Hotel and the Sands Macao in the Peoples Republic of China (PRC) Special Administrative Region of Macau. In addition, LVS owns the Four Seasons Hotel Macao and is also growing the Marina Bay Sands(TM) integrated resort in Singapore. Furthermore, LVS is developing the Cotai disrobe(R), a master-plotted evelopment of resort-casino properties in Macau. At completion, the Cotai comb will feature approximately 21000 rooms from world-renowned hotel brands such as St. Regis, Sheraton, Shangri-La, Traders, Hilton, Conrad, Fairmont, Raffles, Holiday Inn, and InterContinental. While the companys flagship property, The Venetian, is in Las Vegas, less than a third of LVS total revenues came from Las Vegas by 2008. Macao gaming industry revenues increased every year for a go until 2007 and then fell in 2008. In January 2009, the revenues had dropped more than 30% from their levels in January 2008.Nevertheless, Las Vegas Sands three Macao properties generated 69. 6% of total revenues during 2008. after incurring a net loss of $164 million in 2008, LVS has set aside $3 billion in cash reserves as a cushion for its debt obligations. Perspectives The companys primary business objective is to provide a premium destination casino resort experience in order to drive superior returns on invested capital and to increase asset value. To achieve this objective, the company operates a must-see destination resort at a premier location in the heart of the Las Vegas Strip.LVS captures premium room rates through a differentiated superior all-suites product. It drives hotel occupancy and casino utilization through the link to the Expo Center and the Congress Center. LVS caters to a higher-budget customer mix by offering a unique combination of asse ts and facilities. The firm leverages the casino resorts premium co-branding strategy to drive revenues and targets premium gaming customers. Culture of Las Vegas Sands (Big risks and stupendous rewards) Experienced Las Vegas operators have historically been richly rewarded for taking big risks.For example, Adelson, LVS Chairman and CEO, constructed the $105 million Sands Expo & Convention Center in 1990-the largest privately owned building of its kind in the country. When it opened critics viewed it as a foolhardy expenditure for a gambling town that had a publicly funded congregation center. With the $1. 5 billion Venetian, which opened in 1999 next door to the Sands dominion center, Adelson raised the stakes, betting that his expand trade show business could fill an upscale megaresort. He lured convention goers to the Venetian with bigger rooms and more hotel amenities, charging top room rates.Adelson proved to be a big risk taker and a big winner. He eventually refinanced th e property and paid down the expensive loans, making the 4,049-room Venetian that opened a 1,000-room hotel expansion in 2003, one of the most lucrative casinos of all time. By making piles of money on hotel rooms, Adelson helped define a business that had focused on gambling revenue at the expense of other amenities. His success at the Venetian was imitated by competitors such as Mandalay Resort Group, now part of MGM Mirage, which opened a 1. -million-square-foot convention center in Mandalay Bay in 2003. The convention business, a big part of the Strips growth after 2001, has helped to maintain high room rates in Las Vegas during traditionally slower periods creating year-round demand. Las Vegas Sands was once the envy of Wall Street. In fall 2007, with seemingly undersideless growth prospects in Macau, which was the most lucrative gambling market in the world, the companys share price reached $150. Shortly after that, the company market value plummeted more than 90 percent.S ome industry analysts implore that LVS executives played a key role in the financial decline, force ahead efforts to dominate the Macau gambling market and stretching the company thin, even as indicators showed that credit was drying up and tourism was faltering. Operations in Asia (Recreating the Las Vegas Strip in Asia) Macau, a semi-autonomous province of China, began welcoming Western casino operators in 2002 in an effort to rise above its roots as a seedy gambling den and broaden the regions stir to Asian tourists with Las Vegas-style resorts.Las Vegas Sands was the first Western company to open a casino in Macau, in 2004. The early bet paid off. The company recouped its $240 million Sands Macau construction budget within a year of the opening. The casino, which has more than 600 table games yet fewer than 300 hotel rooms, primarily offered to Chinese gamblers for free, gained a foothold ahead of the resorts that followed. The company appears to be performing creditably in d esperate times, including achieving 92 percent capacity at the Venetian and 95 percent at Palazzo, at rates of more than $200 a night in quarter three of 2004.The Venetian Macau attracted a record 6. 6 million visitors that quarter. As the lead architect in Macau, Las Vegas Sands, which beat out American competitors for rights to build one of two casino resorts to open in Singapore in the coming year, is well-positioned to compete for opportunities in places such as Japan and Taiwan, where observers argue that casinos are simply a matter of time. Trends LVS has large exposure to the Macao gaming market and the company will fight any new or potential competitor there. In 2008, 69. 6% of LVSs total revenues came from Macao.The Venetian Macao alone produced $1. 9 billion in revenues during 2008 while the companys Las Vegas properties produced only $1. 3 billion that year. The Macao gaming market is mostly dependent on the Chinese market and economy. While Macao gaming industry revenue s had increased every single year for nearly a decade up until 2007, gaming revenues for the region started to decrease in 2008. Industry revenues in January 2009 dropped by 30% in comparison with revenues gained in January 2008 as the world-wide economic crisis affected Asian gamblers.LVS is committed to Macao market exposure with its Cotai Strip development in the works and if the market continues to worsen, Las Vegas Sands could see its bottom line affected accordingly (See Figure 5). Despite economic slowdown, LVS is expanding. The company is building new resort in Singapore, called Marina Bay Sands, and in Bethlehem, Pennsylvania, called Sands Bethworks, despite the slumping casino industry that is causing companies like Riviera Holdings to default on their credit lines.Because LVS has already begun construction on these resorts, the company cannot cut the casinos musical accompaniment even as it laid off over 11000 of its staff in 2008 to cut costs. As a result, the company has accumulated heavy debt. In March 2009, LVS had over $10 billion in debt from financing truculent growth projects. The company has about $3 billion in cash to cushion upcoming debt obligations but LVSs expansion investments occurred at the beginning of a global recession, worsening the firms financial positions. At the end of 2008, LVS assets were valued at $17. billion, over 38% higher than its $12. 4 billion in liabilities. Macaos gaming laws and taxes are relatively new and have a few precedents, making them quite vulnerable to sudden change. China has a large and affluent middle class, but for many years travel and currency restrictions have made it difficult and undesirable for visitors to come to Macao. The Chinese government relaxed many of these restrictions in 2002 when it first granted gaming licenses and end its state-run gaming monopoly. As a result, the Macao gaming market grew to generate over $928 million in revenues in January 2009.Predictions (short and long ter m) for Las Vegas Sands In the next 1- 2 years the expectation is that Las Vegans Sands will maximize the cash flow from its current operations in Las Vegas and Macau, including through the implementation of annualized cost savings. At the same time, the firm needs to complete on time and on budget the properties currently under development in Singapore and Bethlehem, Pennsylvania in order to stay afloat. Long term Las Vegas Sands will keep increasing investments in Cotai Strip, the area that is rapidly transforming Macau into a world-class resort destination.The company could potentially expand in Japan, Thailand, and India as it looks for growth opportunities in the vibrant Asian region. Wynn Resorts, Limited (Ticker WYNN) Wynn Resorts, a Nevada corporation, was formed in June 2002, is led by Chairman and CEO, Stephen A. Wynn, and is a leading developer, owner, and operator of destination casino resorts. Wynn Resorts owns and operates three casino resorts Wynn Las Vegas, Encore at Wynn Las Vegas, and Wynn Macau. In addition to these three properties, Wynn is currently constructing Encore at Wynn Macau, an expansion of the Wynn Macau resort.During 2008, the casino resort business experienced difficulties due to a number of factors alter consumers, including a slowdown in global economies, contracting credit markets, and cut consumer spending. Steve Wynn is the preeminent designer, developer and operator of destination casino resorts and has developed brand name status. Wynns involvement with the casino resorts provides a distinct advantage over other gaming enterprises. All of the Wynn resorts are designed and built to provide a premium experience.The casinos are marketed as full-service luxury resorts and casinos in the leisure, convention, and tour and travel industries. The resorts are marketed directly to gaming customers using database marketing techniques, as well as traditional incentives. While there is significant competition in the Las Vegas and Ma cau markets, Wynn seeks to differentiate from other major resorts by concentrating in its rudimentary elements of design, atmosphere, personal service, and luxury. Intentions / Beliefs of Wynn ResortsIn relation to MGM Mirage, Wynn Resorts competes in similar geographic markets, primarily Las Vegas and Macau, with secondary markets in Atlantic City, Riverboats, etc. However, based upon Wynns dilate disclosures in its public financial statements, press releases, and transcripts from earnings calls, Wynn Resorts believes that it has a thoroughgoing core competency in providing an atmosphere of the utmost luxury. Therefore, it may be possible that while Wynn Resorts and MGM Mirage compete in the same geographic markets, the companies will compete for a slightly different customer base.Wynn Resorts has consistently targeted those customers with a very large net worth and require the most specious accommodations. In that regard, Wynn Resorts has found that it is not necessary to typi cally use comps and other forms of customer promotions to attract the wealthiest clients. The company attempts to portray itself as the top-tier casino-hotel, providing unmatched serve for those individuals that demand the very best in customer service and quality.Therefore, it appears that Wynns intentions are to attract customers through the marketing of its luxurious hotel-casino properties, specially in Macau. In Wynns 2008 annual report, expansion plans were exposit for the Macau geographic area. We have commenced construction of Encore at Wynn Macau, a further expansion of Wynn Macau. Encore at Wynn Macau will add a fully-integrated resort hotel to Wynn Macau, planned to include approximately 400 luxury suites and four villas along with restaurants, additional retail space and additional VIP gaming space.We expect Encore at Wynn Macau to open in 201019. In addition, Wynn Resorts has improved approximately 142 acres of land for use as a golf course in the Las Vegas area. How ever, no future improvements are planned due to the current economic environment. Based on these disclosures, MGM Mirage management can be certain that Wynn Resorts continues to belief that its best prospects for growth are in the Asian gaming market, manifest by its expanding construction projects in the Macau region. Wynn Resorts also believes that future development opportunities in the Las Vegas area may present profitability.However, current economic conditions may not make these development projects profitable in the near-term. Meanwhile, Wynn Resorts expects that MGM Mirages CityCenter project, along with other Las Vegas expansion projects by industry competitors present significant competitive challenges in the near-term. Past moves, countermoves, and timing of Wynn Resorts Since its inception in 2002, Wynn Resorts has attempted to distinguish itself amongst the raging competition in the casino industry by developing casinos that are state-of-the-art, cutting-edge, and lux urious.Wynn Resorts attempts to attract the wealthiest of customers that have a propensity to spend more of their disposable income on luxury items, specifically gambling-related activities. As a result, Wynn Resorts is not overly concerned with differentiating their products based upon price. Wynn Resorts is focused on product differentiation. This is homely by Wynn Resorts statement that we are attempting to differentiate the Wynn products. However, at this time, we are uncertain how our customers will value the existing Wynn properties on a relative ground20.Wynn Resorts is attempting to differentiate its casinos from one another not based upon price, but based upon qualitative factors such as the availability of restaurants, spa services, shopping boutiques, nightclubs, etc. Typically, competitors in the casino industry have limited strategy initiative options. These options include expanding to new domestic markets, expanding to new international markets, and providing additi onal services at pre-existing casino-hotels. During the past some(prenominal) years, Wynn Resorts has chosen to avoid providing additional services at pre-existing casino-hotels (i. . Wynn Las Vegas), but instead move frontward with large expansion projects both domestically and internationally (Encore at Wynn Las Vegas and Wynn Macau). Relative resource position of Wynn Resorts As of year-end 2007, Wynn Resorts held approximately 8% of the total market share in the Nevada region, as compared to 18% market share owned by MGM Mirage. As stated previously, Wynn Resorts currently has three casinos, two in Las Vegas, one in Macau) as compared to MGM Mirages twenty casinos. Recently, Wynn Resorts has been indefinite in its disclosures regarding future expansion projects.Wynn Resorts is in a position of strength in terms of financial perceptual constancy, as its financial statements display large amounts of current assets along with positive cash flows and manageable debt ratios. Wynn Resorts has a risk-averse attitude towards the growth of its balance sheet. The company is not highly leveraged and has over $1 billion in cash to assist in absorbing losses during the current recession. An additional source of competitive advantage for Wynn Resorts is the leadership of Stephen Wynn. Mr.Wynn has some(prenominal) decades of experience in the gaming industry, and has been instrumental in the construction of the Bellagio, the Mirage, and Wynn Las Vegas. primarily speaking, Steve Wynn is known as The Man Who Helped Reinvent Las Vegas. Mr. Wynns importance to the organization is paramount, and The loss of Stephen A. Wynn would significantly harm Wynns business21. When considering brand and image, Wynn Resorts has strong brand loyalty amongst customers in the high roller community, as well as strong brand recognition in Las Vegas and Macau.However, due to the lack of presence in other areas of the United States, Wynn Resorts is not currently leverage the notoriety of its brand name and Steve Wynns reputation as an sophisticated leader in the industry. Predictions (short and long term) for Wynn Resorts Given the strong financial position of Wynn Resorts and their historically selective approach to casino expansion, Wynn Resorts will not expand the number of casinos in operation in the near term (12- 18 months). On November 2009, Wynn Resorts has stated to its shareholders that they would not focus efforts on expanding in the U.S. until the business environment improved. Instead, it is predicted that Wynn Resorts will instead make enhancements to their two existing casinos in the Las Vegas market. In response to our evaluation of our Las Vegas operations and the reactions of our guests, we have and expect to continue to make enhancements and refinements to our resort, the company said this week in its quarterly financial report in November 2009. The projected expansion in the casinos will enhance the availability of pools, food and beverage servic es, and nightlife offerings.MGM Mirage may respond to Wynns actions by also expanding upon its casino customer offerings. Furthermore, MGM Mirage should also avoid direct casino expansion during a depressed economic environment. Instead, MGM Mirage should strive for financial stability while attracting customers with non-gaming services and accommodations. Being that Las Vegas is a mature market with several strong competitors, MGM Mirage may consider its presence in other domestic regions in the Midwestern section of the United States.Over the next 18 48 months, however, Wynn Resorts will continue to engage in competition as it relates to worldwide casino expansion. By analyzing the growth in industry revenue, and the statistics described regarding market commonality, Wynn Resorts will most likely directly engage in a battle with Las Vegas Sands for market share position in the Macau region. Additionally, Wynn Resorts will continue its financially frugal decision-making patterns b y purchasing racinos and undervalued real estate properties with the intention of capturing profits through capital appreciation.These types of purchases by Mr. Wynn and Wynn Resorts have been consistent with actions portrayed during the past three years. MGM Mirage may engage in the competition for casino expansion in the Macau region, but should be alert in making full-scale investments into a casino market already fully dominated by Las Vegas Sands and Wynn Resorts. Instead, cooperative arrangements and joint ventures may be suitable alternatives (See Figure 6). Summary and ConclusionsThe casino hotel industry is sensitive to changes in the consumers disposable income, domestic and international travel volume proximity to consumer base, as well as government regulations. The industry structure consists of high barriers to entry, moderate rivalry that is limited to 4-5 main competitors, limited bargaining power of buyers, allowing for the possibility of near-term profitability. T he pair-wise model utilized provided a comprehensive understanding of the focal firm, the focal firms competitors, the rivals intentions, and facilities the extrapolation of feasible strategies for the focal firm.In order for MGM Mirage to create a competitive advantage, the company should focus on geographic expansion in US and on international expansion, through cooperative arrangements with other industry players, improved operational efficiency to minimize costs, and technological advancement to maximize revenue. In the short term, MGM Mirage may be able to extract profits from the market by creating a competitive advantage but long term the industry structure, negative social, political, and economic forces will negatively affect the growth aspects of the industry.